Conflict Between Greek and Gothic Revival - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3089 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Architecture Essay Tags: Conflict Essay Did you like this example? The Greek Revival and the Gothic Revival are terms that carry specific meanings in relation to the history of architecture. What did they represent at the time and what was the nature of the conflict between the respective adherents? The Gothic Revival represented chiefly two things: firstly, in its earlier form, it was a Romantic celebration in stone of the spirit and atmosphere of the Middle Ages; secondly, in its later and more serious form, the Gothic Revival reflected the architectural and philosophical conviction of its exponents that the moral vigour of the Middle Ages was reflected in its Gothic architecture, and that the reintroduction of this Gothic style of architecture to eighteenth-century society could re-invigorate it morally. Neo-Gothic architecture in its earlier forms, typified by buildings such as Horace Walpoles Strawberry Hill, was characterized by a highly ornamental, decadent, visually powerful and intricate style; and, what is more, a style that cared little for functionalism or strict adherence to specific structures. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conflict Between Greek and Gothic Revival" essay for you Create order By these characteristics Neo-Gothic architecture encapsulated the Romantic literary and poetic spirit of the age, as had been evinced in the works of men like Horace Walpole, Alfred Tennyson and Sir Walter Scott. In this sense, the Neo-Gothic was a nostalgic and sentimental backward glance. In a different sense the Gothic Revival represented the attempt of certain architects and churchmen to transfer the liturgical vigour of Gothic churches of the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century by capturing it in stone. Thus men like Augustus Pugin and John Ruskin came to argue that the Gothic Revival represented a standard of moral excellence that was to be practised and imitated as widely as possible. The Greek Revival grew out of the neoclassicism movement, and represented in essence an attempt by its adherents to find in the architecture of antiquity a form of architecture that corresponded to the principles of reason and order emerging from their own Age of Reason and Enlightenmen t. Neoclassicism, and the Greek Revival in particular, represented a pursuit for architectural and intellectual truth. An architect could perceive in the forms of antiquity principles of excellent reasoning and intelligence that prevailed in the rationalistic spirit of his own age, and by reinvigorating the ancient style the neoclassical architect could build buildings that were inspired by and inspired in others principles of reason and rationality. Neoclassicism and the Greek Revival conflicted with the Gothic Revival because they perceived the moral truths claimed by the Gothic revivalists as chiefly illusory and false. The Gothic Revival was, in the neo-classicists eyes, a decadent celebration of style over substance that elevated illusion and ornament above reason and truth. Neo-Gothic architects were seemingly content to produce endless copies and weak imitations of Gothic style merely to please frivolous aristocrats; neo-classicists however believed that their architec ture was a creative act that gave birth to constantly new adaptations of the classical model. Neo-Gothic architects in turn conflicted with neoclassicism because it was cold and devoid of emotion, feeling or moral purpose; its elite attitude rendered any collaboration between the two styles most difficult. Art historians divide the Gothic Revival into two stages, and each of these stages came to represent quite different ideas. The first stage of the Gothic revival was characterized a raw and naive imitation of Gothic architecture that lacked either an architectural philosophy or a coherent system of organization. The first building of this early type was Lord Horace Walpoles villa Strawberry Hill which was built in 1747; another prominent early specimen was Fonthill Abbey designed and built by James Wyatt. Both of these buildings, in the spirit of Walpoles atmospheric novel Castle of Otranto (Walpole, 2004), were attempts to preserve in stone the Romantic atmosphere of the Middle Ages; both also demonstrated perhaps more clearly than any other buildings of this time the impracticality and lack of structure of much Neo-Gothic building. This first flourishing of Neo-Gothic architecture was extended into the public sphere also: for instance in the new Houses of Parliament designed and built by Sir Charles Barry and A.W. Pugin. In America too, this nascent Neo-Gothic style was reflected in buildings such as Richard Upjohns Trinity Church built in New York in 1840 and Renwicks St. Patricks Cathedral also built in New York. The picturesque quality and organization of many of these buildings led to applause for its Romantic splendour, but also much criticism for its lack of substance and for its unfaithful imitation of the original Gothic form. If the first stage of the Gothic Revival lacked diligent observation and restoration of Gothic architecture or philosophical principles, then serious efforts were made at the turn of the century to ground the movement more securely upon such principles. The late period of Neo-Gothic is thus characterized by a stricter adherence to medieval architectural form and to a philosophical interpretation that viewed Gothic architecture as a paragon of moral virtue and excellence. In England two men were of foremost importance in the development of this second stage: A. Pugin and J. Ruskin. (In France, Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Due played an equally important role). By this time, architects were no longer content to merely imitate Gothic forms and designs, but sought to create original works founded upon the principles of the original Gothic architecture and which fitted to the particular circumstances of nineteenth-century society. Thus at the turn of the nineteenth-century it is possible to observe a clear evolution in the form of the Gothic Revival away from the loose sentimentality and picturesque quality of the early period and towards a style of dominated by precise architectural limitation of Gothic form as made possible by detailed and comprehensive investigations into this style. One such early investigation was John Carters The Ancient Architecture of England (Carter, 1795) which was the first work that recorded with extensive detail and exactitude the Gothic style of medieval buildings; Thomas Rickmans An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture (Rickman, 1817) gave an extensive account of the varieties of Gothic styles, whilst Pugins Specimens of Gothic Architecture (Pugin,1821) deepened and extended the range and accuracy of these initial investigations. Nonetheless, despite the great advances that had been made in the scholarship of the Gothic Revival, the actual building of Gothic buildings remained for some time in the earlier ornamental style that characterized the first period of the movement famous examples being Windsor Castle which was restored in 1824 by Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, and Kings College Cambridge in 1827to 18 31. The greatest use of the Neo-Gothic style at this time was however for church buildings the style being cheaper and easier to construct than neoclassical designs. For all the diligent and pain-staking work of the Gothic Revival scholars to come to life in actual buildings it took the skill and vision of one particular man. This man was Augustus Charles Pugin: he presented the argument that Neo-Gothic architectural style was the most fitting emblem of the spirit of the Catholic Church and so was also therefore the only permissible architectural form to express the work of Godin his Church. In Contrasts (1836) Pugin argued that architectural form imitates the condition of the society that creates it; since the society of medieval times was a paragon of virtue and moral integrity then it was natural and obvious that Gothic architecture is the most moral form of architecture. Thus in The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture (1841) Pugin was able to set down co mprehensive and coherent principles for the justification of the Gothic Revival. In a major step away from the earlier decadence or the style, Pugin argued that all features and designs of a church must be essential for its correct functioning and structural shape; architecture form must be clean and purposeful since these are also the qualities that we expect of our moral condition. Pugin put this architectural philosophy into practice most assiduously in the years 1837 to 1844: in St Marys Church in Derby, in St. Wilfreds Church in Manchester and in St. Oswalds Church in Liverpool and many other church buildings. Pugins work quickly became an inspiration for Anglican Church reformers such as the Tractarians in Oxford who used his architectural church style as an ideal form by which to carry out their own agenda of church building restoration. It should be noted here that Pugins work as well as that of many other architects across Britain and Europe was profoundly influenc ed by the ideas of John Ruskin and his two seminal works The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849) and The Stones of Venice (Ruskin,1854). Ruskins ideas were inspired by the architectural forms that he had seen in Italy and particularly in Venice; Ruskin thus argued that Gothic was the supreme form of architecture due to the sacrifice made by stonemasons in detailing every stone of a building. Ruskin thus exalted Doges Palace as the central building in the world (Ruskin, 1854) arguing that Pugins programme of Gothic Revival in churches should be extended to government buildings also. Moreover, Ruskin himself by his teachings extended the Gothic Revival further by promoting a polychromatic style of work inspired by Italian Gothic architecture. This work in turn inspired buildings such as Butterfields All Saints Church, Keble College in Oxford and Rugby School. In short, by the end of the eighteenth century the Gothic Revival had been transformed from what began as a Romantical ly inspired fondness for majestic ornamentalism, into a style of architecture grounded upon powerful moral and philosophical principles as well as an intricate and comprehensive awareness of Gothic form. The Greek Revival, a growth out of the neoclassicism movement, flourished in the years 1750-1830, and was in many ways the antithesis of the Neo-Gothic form of architecture with which it was contemporaneous. As we have seen, whatever its later manifestations, the Gothic Revival had been a product of Romanticism and of the passions and emotions; the Greek Revival, in complete contrast, exalted reason, the intellect and rationality above all else. Neoclassicism sought as its highest aim to realize architectural and intellectual purity and truth in stark contrast to what it perceived to be the ornamentalism and illusory truth of the Neo-Gothic style. Neo-classicism was founded upon a corpus of work that had in antiquity achieved canonical status, that is, it was based upon t he observation of classic art and classic form. In the words of Crook (1995) Ideally à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and neoclassicism is essentially an art of the ideal an artist, well-schooled and comfortably familiar with the canon, does not repeat in a lifeless reproductions, but synthesizes the tradition anew in each work . In other words, neoclassicism of which the Greek Revival was to become the most refined example sought the highest possible levels of artistic achievement; the neo-classicist style existed only to reinterpret for contemporary circumstances the great work and principles that had already been achieved in the past. Thus, in Crooks words (1995), Neoclassicism exhibits perfect control of an idiom (Crook,1995); that is perfection already achieved, the architects task is to fit that perfection of antiquity in a modern cast. All of these above points are significant for understanding the opposition of architects of the Greek Revival against the Gothic Revival. For , in the beginning, much of Neo-Gothic architecture consisted of little more than crude and naive imitations of far superior original Gothic works. Thus in such imitation work there was no creativity and no continuation of the development of an existing idiom. Thus Neo-Gothic form was viewed by Greek revivalists as superfluous and as inferior to their own architectural pursuits. The emergence of the Greek Revival was made possible by an astonishing efflorescence of archaeological exploration into the sites and cultures of classical Rome and Greece around the middle of the eighteenth century. The discoveries of the archaeologists inspired and sustained the Greek revival. In 1719 Bernard de Montfaucons released his giant ten-volume opus Antiquity Explained and Represented in Diagrams (Montfaucon, 1719). This book was hugely popular and intrigued the imaginations hundreds and thousands of European tourists who began to flock to the sites of ancient Rome and Greece. Furthermore , the sensational excavations of cities like Pompeii and Herculaneum in 1748 and 1738 further fuelled the imaginations of architects, archaeologists, novelists and many others. Many other works on classical art and architecture such as Giovanni PiranesisPrima Parte di Architecttura, Robert Woods Ruins of Palmyra (1753) and Robert Adams Ruins of the Temple of the Emperor Diocletian (Adams, 1764)were soon published and led to still further thousands going on adventures to the Continent. This general interest in classical antiquity quickly transformed in the eighteenth century into a burst of fascination with Greek antiquities in particular and displayed a conviction as to the superiority of Greek above Roman architecture. The discovery of the sixth-century ruins of Paestrum received much publicity and was recorded by Italian artist Domenico Antonini and French architect Jacques-Germain Soufflot; soon afterwards Pancrazi published his seminal Antichita Siciliane and Dumont rele ased his Ruins de Paestrum. Deeper investigation into the Greek mainland territory led James Stuart and Nicholas Revett to publish The Antiquities of Athens (Stuart Revett, 1750) which was highly influential upon architects in England. Whilst it took some time for this appreciation of Greek form to be turned into actual imitative buildings nonetheless the superiority of Greek to Roman architecture had been established by the time of Johan Winckelmanns Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks in 1765. Thus architects of the Greek Revival sought to infer from these classical forms principles of order and reason that corresponded to those being discovered in their own age of Enlightenment; neoclassical architects argued that if their own buildings came to embody these principles then society at large would be edified by the experience. Nonetheless, the Greek Revival, like Neoclassicism generally, contained an inherent paradox. Its longing backward-stare to the times of antiquity was inspired by as much by an emotional fondness for antiquity (supposedly the characteristic of the Romantic Gothic Revival) as a predilection for principles of pure reason and rationality. Thus some twentieth century arthistorians have come to speak of this aspect of the Greek Revival as Romantic Classicism (Stillman, 1998). After 1800, in England, the internal dynamics of Neoclassicism directed the movement away from Roman architecture and toward that of ancient Greece as such, a huge number of buildings were built in these years according to the architectural principles of ancient Greece. Sir John Soane, the architect of the Bank of England, developed a highly influential architectural style that involved promoting the linear abstraction of classical Greek forms and, by using extensive archaeological evidence to inform the designs of patterns, he achieved a spectacular dramatization of the interior spaces of his buildings a style reminiscent of Etie nne-Louis Boullee and Claude-Nicholas Ledoux on the continent. A prominent example of this new style in England was Downing College, Cambridge, modelled upon the Erechtheum from the Acropolis in Athens. The Covent Garden Theatre in London, built by Sir Robert Smirke, was the first Doric style building in the capital; the planning of Regent Street as well as Regent Street Park by John Nash reflected the use of classical Greek styles of city planning and organization. So too the British Museum in London built in 1847 is perhaps the most prominent example of ionic Greek imitation in Britain. In Edinburgh named admiringly the Athens of the North by locals at the time the Greek Revival was extremely influential in the eighteenth century, as shown in buildings such as the Royal High School and the Royal Scottish Academy. The dominance of Greek neoclassical architecture would dominate the British landscape until the advent of Modernism in the twentieth century. In the final anal ysis, even if it is paradoxical to say so in light of the sustained conflict that existed between them, both the Gothic Revival and Greek Revival had similar goals, and used similar means to attain those goals. The Gothic Revival began life as a celebration of the spirit and forms of a time other than its own: the Middle Ages. So too, the Greek Revival was engendered by a renascent fascination with classical archaeology and the Greek Revivals preoccupation was with the ideals and forms of ancient Greece somewhere even more removed than Medieval Europe! The Greek Revival ultimately represented an attempt to renew and reinvigorate the classical Greek belief in the purity and perfection of architectural form and its corresponding revelation of truth. It was thus no coincidence that the spirit of the neoclassical age was also dominated by the Enlightenment and the Age of Reason. The Greek Revival thus cast the ancient principles of classical Greece in the mould of eighteenth cent ury rationality; the aim here, like with the later Gothic Revival, being to produce a form of architecture that would edify society. The bitter conflict between the Gothic Revival and the Greek Revival can be explained simply by the fact that each were prepossessed by attitudes quite contrary to the other: one exalting reason and order, the other passion and emotion. Both revivals were each consumed in the whirlwind of their own zeitgeist and only with retrospect and the other advantages of history is it possible show the equal validity of their separate truths. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adam, R. (1764). Ruins of the Temple of the Emperor Diocletian. Graham Henry, London. Atterbury, P. (1996). A.W.N. Pugin: Master of the Gothic Revival. Yale University Press, Yale. Carter, J. (1795). The Ancient Architecture of England. Sawsbury Press, Sawsbury. Crook, J.M. (1995). The Greek Revival: Neoclassical Attitudes in British Architecture 1760-1870. John Murray, London. Eastlake, C.L. (1970). A History of the Gothic Revival. Leicester University Press, Leicester. Ferguson, F.G. (1973). The Neo-Classical Architecture of James Wyatt. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts . Hamlin, T. (1946). Greek Revival Architecture in America. Open University Press, London. Montfaucon, B. (1719). Antiquity Explained and Represented in Diagrams. London. Pugin, A, P. (1821). Specimens of Gothic Architecture. Nattali Press, London. Pugin, P,A. (1836). Contrasts. Peter Cough Books, London. Pugin, P,A. (1844). The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architect ure. Berry Press, Burnside. Rickman, T. (1817). An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture. Threebells Press, Glasgow. Ruskin, J. (1849). The Seven Lamps of Architecture. Trent House Press, London. Ruskin, J. (1854). The Stones of Venice. Trent House Press, London. Stillman, D. (1998). English Neo-Classical Architecture Vol.1. W Zwemmer, London. Stuart, J. Revett, N.(1750). The Antiquities of Athens. Dasterfield Press, Bedford. Walpole, H. (2004). The Castle of Otranto. David Charles, Newton Abbott. Wiebenson, D. (1969). Sources of Greek Revival Architecture. A Zwemmer, London. Winckelman, J. (1765). Reflections on the Paintings and Sculptures of the Greeks. John Paul, Edinburgh. Wood, R. (1753). Ruins of Palmyra. Falstaff Press, Dublin.

Exemplary Leadership Essay - 3093 Words

Nicole Lomupo Examples of Exemplary Leadership I have not plagiarized on any aspect of this assignment. Introduction The Wall Street Journal is a national news source indispensible to corporate industries and business professionals. The publication discloses current information on economics, politics, industry leaders, and international relations. The articles and discussions printed in the Wall Street Journal present readers with an opportunity to gain sufficient expertise about management and leadership. Most importantly, one can depict how these roles are incorporated and utilized in competitive markets. This report is a representation of different leadership styles identified in Wall Street Journal (WSJ) articles discussing the†¦show more content†¦President Obama’s offer encourages positivity for some politicians while another health care incident does not fulfill the same actuality. 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Stakeholder In Relationships Organization -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Stakeholder In Relationships Organization? Answer: Introducation ATEED or Auckland tourism events and Economic developments is an institution dedicated to the growth and development of opportunities and prosperity of Auckland. It is a result of the amalgamation of 8 government councils of Auckland (Boies, Fiset Gill, 2015). The vision was to make Auckland as one of the most livable city. They help people who are dedicated towards this task, means the small and medium organizations and initiatives and the new works that attract business opportunities and job creations and encourages entrepreneurships and innovations , increases revenue through tourism and boost Aucklands identity and its position to stand out globally. It is a part of the family of councils and deals with the councils within the family and other government organizations and industrial agencies and the different non government sector like industrial clusters and the universities (Grgoire, Salle Tripp, 2015). Ateed always try to build a business environment that thrives on business opportunities and new thinking and people with a set of new and active though process and lots of collaborations. They try to make the business environment more business ready and the export ready and grow a new skilled workforce. It is dedicated for the development of a few particular sector like the Auckland plus that is the economic and the regional development, enterprising a certain part like Macau, the north shore and the Waitakere that is the local economics development, the movies and the filming part of Auckland that is the cultural sector and the regional film office, Auckland tourism that is the transportation system a bit and other facilities related to the tourism sector and maintaining the tourism plots or the visitor plots, I-Site visitor center like the basic tourist attraction spots (Gruber et al., 2015). These plots are basically responsible for the growth of Auckland can reshape the condition of the city, increase its economic collection and prosper it like never before. But as the current report says that the organization has failed to a great extend in all of its initiatives. The works are not being carried properly and the money and all the effort that has been engaged in the organization is just going in vain. The most important reason as being recognized for this failure is inefficiency of the company in uniting its workers. One of the major sources of success for any organization is its worker strength and that is being here due to improper maintenance of this sector. The organization needs to develop a whole new strategy to motivate its worker strength and an efficient way for this purpose is the communications strategy. The communication strategy can be said is the strategy of connecting with people with the help of commutation (). It deals with reaching the targeted people with the views and expressing the views properly. A communication strategy is like a map, the journey of an individual or an organization is the biggest picture of the organization aim. A study of the whole situation is being made here and communication strategy can be formulated in the below written way. The strategy The steps of the strategy along with the study of organization are being made here: Setting of goals: Setting the objective of the strategy is the most important task of strategy making. The goal of Ateed is to communicate with employees and making them work efficiently and making them work together. Encouraging and stimulating employees is their need (Snell, Morris Bohlander 2015). An important question here is what is the need of the goal or the goal is appropriate or not (Wirtz et al., 2016). According to the reports, this is the reason for failure of the organization. Employees are their only focus for the time period. Ways should be developed here for closing gaps between the current beliefs, actions and desired out comes. Targeted audience: The targeted audience should be calculated first based on the numbers and the peoples. They should be understood properly for understanding the ways of communicating more efficiently. The targeted audience here is employees of Ateed. They have to segmented properly so as to make the communication process more relevant and the targets can be achieved with an ease (Schnackenberg Tomlinson, 2016). Few questions have to be kept in mind and the answered are to be collected: What are the likes and the dislike and preferences of the employees? What are the interests of employees? What are the processes of their consuming information? What is the location of the employees like where does they stay. Who are considered by the employees as their leaders and what the contribution of the people in organizational processes are. Which is the most active group in the whole office? What are the types of messages that get most likes and most comments in the office environments? Obviously these points are related to the social media and in office bulletin boards and all the office local websites. Messages: The message transmission is the main motive of the communication process. The required messages are needed to be constructed with proper care (Roth, 2014). Objectives of the company need to be encoded in the messages and the aim of the company should be alienated with it. Starting can be made within the most important targeted audiences. The messages should be relevant and could be understood with an ease. There should be continuity in the whole messages. It is important that people should understand the message. There are two types of messages like direct messages and indirect messages: Direct messages: One that have to be conveyed directly to someone either by speaking it or by writing it through mails or letters or through any other source. For ATEED, the direct message will be to talk to the employees directly regarding the current situation of the company, to motivate them through some motivational speeches or conversations, to tell them about the future aspects of the institution, and how to reach a higher level of success. Indirect messages: Indirect messages means body languages, talking tone, behavior with the employees (Royle Laing, 2014). One should have a positive body language like paying complete attention while talking to the employees, should behave well with them while interacting and the talking tone should no sound friendly. Method: The method of communication strategy consists of various ways like: Verbal or oral communication: Verbal communication means transmission of messages orally or with the use of words. This is known as the most effective form of communication and can be conducted face-to-face or over phone calls or in group settings like in meetings. An advantage of these communication methods is that, one can observe reactions or the body languages of the opposite person which is a very helpful point for continuation of any conversation (Voinea et al., 2015). One can identity here whether the opposite person is liking the conversation or is getting offended with it. Commonly used methods of verbal communication in an office environment are like: Story telling: It is one of the most effective with an advantage of conducting a civil-engineering message to each and every individual who are listening (Moritz, Block Lutz, 2015). This type of communication process is being adopted in general meetings or at times when communications are made in group or in group conversations like meetings within a department or meetings within managers or sales meetings. They are helpful in conveying the aims and objectives of an institution and the ways or the road maps in which things are done in any organizations. Crucial conversations: This is a story telling category where conversations are done with more planning and with using key skills. These are more formal than daily conversations and are generally used in meeting or in presentation sessions (Mishra, Boynton Mishra, 2014). Crucial discussions are carried out through this ways in which a proper planning of the key matter are needed and where the risks are high, opinions may differ in a group of persons and the emotions and sentiments are high. Written communication method: This is an important media of communication and is used in abundance in work places. This include the traditional technique like the pen and paper technique like letter writing and written message conveying technique through the use of internet like emailing, texting, reports, electronic documents which are typed or anything else that can be conveyed through writing symbols in any day to day business communications (Testa et al., 2015). These are indispensable ways for any business communications and are used for the issue of any legal instructions. Most important examples of using written communication methods are press releases, contracts, business proposals, handbooks, brochures and others. Few criteria should be followed while writing like vocabulary, writing clarity, grammar and the style of writing (Matos Marques Simoes Esposito, 2014). This type of communication style is particularly suitable for situations where detailed instructions are to be placed or where the concerned person is not physically present in the moment (Lodhia, 2015). Ways of this communication method include Email: This is the most common tool for non verbal communication. This is usually the most used one and is inexpensive. Other methods of communication are Oral Communication; Face to face communication which can be conducted in Meetings, Non verbal method of communication which includes physical non verbal communication, paralanguage and visual communication Example of Communication Method: The given communication method is applied on a group of people as being selected in the office premise (Killian McManus, 2015). They are people from HR department and they consist of a group of 15 people. Setting of goals The goal of the application of verbal communication process is to make employees work more efficiently and further motivate them. Targeted audience The targeted audience here is a group of 15 people from HR department. They are HR executives. Messages Direct messages that needs to be conveyed are motivational messages, conveying the aims of the company and the required work process and work efficiency. Method Method for communication that has to be used here is verbal communication. The sessions will be held in the forms of meetings and group discussions. Frequency People frequency here is 15 in number. The sessions are carried out twice in every week. Cost The total cost required for this session is $1250. Frequency: Frequency of people considered here are 15 in number. The said communication method will be conducted in a frequency of twice a week (Huotari et al., 2015). People frequency has to be increased in the next week and total number of people involved will be 25 which can include people from departments other than HR department. This session count will be increased in the next week by 4 times a week. Cost: The required cost for this communication strategy can be summarized as:- ANTICIPATED SALES TOTAL $(000) 750 PERSONNEL (% OF TOTAL SALES) 15% Human Resources - Headcount 8 Human Resources - Cost 64.00 Quality Control 50.00 Training 25 Telemarketing Total $(000) 25.00 Human Resources - Headcount 0.75 Hosting 10 Support Maintenance 25 Internet Marketing Total $(000) 535.75 Direct Mail (% of Direct Sales) Human Resources - Cost Material 1000 Postage 250 Direct Mail Total $(000) 1,250.00 Fig 1: Cost for the communication strategy. Source: (Created by author) The total cost can be divided in three sections as shown in the table. The total cost is hence $1250. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the report that the communication strategy can be called as the most effective tool regarding taking all the employees together and make them work together. The exact problems can be addressed with care and can be handled here one by one. Message needs to be constructed with proper care since that is the framing structure of this strategy. They also needed to be spread carefully. The people concerned here have to remain careful regarding their behaviors and dealing with employees. If can be adopted with care, then this process will really be able to solve the problems of Ateed in no time. References Boies, K., Fiset, J., Gill, H. (2015). Communication and trust are key: Unlocking the relationship between leadership and team performance and creativity.The Leadership Quarterly,26(6), 1080-1094. Grgoire, Y., Salle, A., Tripp, T. M. (2015). Managing social media crises with your customers: The good, the bad, and the ugly.Business Horizons,58(2), 173-182. Gruber, M., De Leon, N., George, G., Thompson, P. (2015). Managing by design.Academy of Management Journal,58(1), 1-7. Huotari, L., Ulkuniemi, P., Saraniemi, S., Mlsk, M. (2015). Analysis of content creation in social media by B2B companies.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,30(6), 761-770. Killian, G., McManus, K. (2015). A marketing communications approach for the digital era: Managerial guidelines for social media integration.Business Horizons,58(5), 539-549. Lodhia, S. (2015). Exploring the transition to integrated reporting through a practice lens: an Australian customer owned bank perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,129(3), 585-598. Matos Marques Simoes, P., Esposito, M. (2014). Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), 324-341. Mishra, K., Boynton, L., Mishra, A. (2014). Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), 183-202. Moritz, A., Block, J., Lutz, E. (2015). Investor communication in equity-based crowdfunding: a qualitative-empirical study.Qualitative Research in Financial Markets,7(3), 309-342. Roth, S. (2014). The things that go without saying: on performative differences between business value communication and communication on business values.International Journal of Business Performance Management,15(3), 175-191. Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 65-73. Schnackenberg, A. K., Tomlinson, E. C. (2016). Organizational transparency: A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships.Journal of Management,42(7), 1784-1810. Snell, S. A., Morris, S., Bohlander, G. W. (2015).Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Testa, F., Iraldo, F., Vaccari, A., Ferrari, E. (2015). Why Eco?labels can be Effective Marketing Tools: Evidence from a Study on Italian Consumers.Business Strategy and the Environment,24(4), 252-265. Voinea, D. V., Busu, O. V., Opran, E. R., Vladutescu, S. (2015). Embarrassments in managerial communication.Polish Journal of Management Studies,11. Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., Gttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives.Long Range Planning,49(1), 36-54.

Let him have it and The Daily Mail Essay Example

Let him have it and The Daily Mail Paper In November 1952 a policeman was shot dead and another left wounded in what the Daily Mail called a gun battle when Christopher Craig and Derek Bentley broke into the Barlow and Parker warehouse in Croydon. I have looked at two media sources of information regarding this event. A newspaper article taken from the Daily Mail 3rd November 1952 and Peter Medaks film Let him have it! . Using these sources I intend to illustrate how they manipulate the audience and if they are biased types of media. The headline for the Daily Mails article regarding the events of the night 2nd November 1952, state that Gangsters with machine guns on roof kill detective, wound another. However only two people, Christopher Craig and Derek Bentley, were on the roof. Neither of them armed with a machine gun. The article consistently describes the pair as the raiders the bandits or the gangsters. This approach suggests that there were more than two people, although it never actually says how many. This is using hyperbole, a deliberate exaggeration in language for a more dramatic effect. Gangsters sounds more threatening and gives a more serious and dangerous impression of the situation. The article leads people to believe that the the gangsters were armed. Although Christopher Craig was carrying a gun, it wasnt a machine gun like the article states it was but a Firearm and Derek Bentley didnt carry a gun but a knuckle-duster which was unused. We will write a custom essay sample on Let him have it and The Daily Mail specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Let him have it and The Daily Mail specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Let him have it and The Daily Mail specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Craig began shooting randomly when he realised he was surrounded but only to scare off the police. What it evolved into wasnt a second battle of Sidney Street as the Daily Mail claims because Craig was the only one shooting, until a police officer fired three warning shots into the air. Leaving out bits of information such as how Craig jumped from the building after shooting the police officer stops people from feeling sorry for the bandits and making up excuses for them like saying that if he jumped he cant have meant it. By writing about the gangsters as if they were shooting at everyone and not just to scare the police away, the media have created an interesting story that people will want to read and find out how the case progresses and what verdict it will get in court, which is the effect that they would have anticipated. The opening paragraph that declares that the London crime wave reached a new peak the night of 2nd November 1952 is someones opinion presented as a fact, as is the shootings on the roof being associated with the Battle of Sidney Street. These are presented as facts so that people read them as facts and believe them, whatever their own individual opinion is. Opinions will be argued with because they are just someones point of view whereas facts are solid, believable piece of information, which reinforce the importance of a situation. The article has words that play on peoples emotions that intend to touch its readers hearts making them feel sadness towards the dead policemans family and the other officers involved but also to increase hatred and anger towards the gangsters. The policeman being shot dead is quite blunt and sounds harsher than if it had just been phased as shot. It shocks the reader more because the language isnt soft and kind but contains hatred which proposed for Craig and Bentley. The fact that a married man with two children with 12 years of service was killed should instantly make people feel angry that such a tragic incident left two children fatherless and lost a police force its loyal Detective Constable. After I read the article I thought that the boys deserved to be given heavy sentences which they would have both deserved. I felt sorry for the policemen who were there when their colleague got killed and for his family and also the policemen who was wounded. I felt angry towards both boys and hoped they wouldnt get away with it. I think this was the intended response, which was to help make the article more gripping and interesting to read. The article has manipulated me and it has shown bias because it doesnt give the boys side of the story and doesnt give a complete list of events, just the most shocking details. After watching the film I felt sorry for Derek Bentley for being with Christopher Craig on the night of 2nd November 1952, sorry for the Bentley family who had to put up with lots of distress, worry and anger that they must have felt when they heard Dereks sentence, although they believed it wasnt his fault. I wanted Derek to be found innocent and for Christopher Craig to be found the only guilty one. This was much different from my response when I first read the newspaper article which left me outraged at the situation and hoping that both the boys would get the worse punishment they could. I am going to explore how the film manipulated my response. The opening credits of Let him have it are introduced on a black background. The credits appear in simple white text. The white on black is probably a symbol of how serious the film is and is already indicating death. Gentle piano music is played softly in the background which gives a sinister atmosphere. Derek is first introduced breaking into a hut with two other boys, then seven years later he is reintroduced, as the main character, just coming out of a young offenders institute. He is branded as a petty criminal but his family argue that he isnt a real criminal. They believe him to be a victim of an illness that wasnt tolerated then. Derek is portrayed as shy and vulnerable and sympathy is already directed towards him. Even after coming out of the young offenders institute, Derek shuts himself in his room for ages indicating that he still feels trapped and imprisoned, he seems more comfortable developing relationships with animals than with people. He gets confused easily and is an easy target to be manipulated. One of the camera angles is directly above him, looking down which suggests that he is victim and his fate is already determined. The camera zooms in on Derek, showing a physiological shot of him thinking and absorbing things around him. This implies that he is receptive to what goes on and possibly that hes impressible to peoples actions and thoughts. There are a lot of close up shots showing the mental anguish hes feeling. Christopher Craig is first introduced standing against a lamp-post in a relaxed, arrogant manor. He appears to be very sure of himself. In the background bells start ringing which along with him being dressed in black signifies death. Christopher and Derek first meet, Christopher has lots of power over Derek and is very much in control of the situation. When he leaves the camera pans across the screen following the direction in which Christopher Craig left. This gives the impression that although Derek felt intimidated by Christopher, he was interested by where he came from and who he was. Christopher Craig is represented as coming from a bad background because his gang is under the American gangster influence, they dress like hoodlums and he is obsessed by guns. Craig seems to be on a course for self-destruction hes growing up in a community where theres a gun culture and the under privileged turn to crime. Craigs brother has already been caught up in crime and got a twelve year sentence for an armed robbery which he was involved. The friendship between Christopher and Derek is negative and one sided this is shown by the lack of enthusiasm between the two. Craig seems bored and only wants to use Derek because none of his gang wants to do the raid. Derek doesnt seem keen to be part of Craigs gang, hes just tags along to impress Stella, Craigs brothers girlfriend. When Craigs brother is put away Derek makes the effort to be friends but this time its Craig who doesnt want to know so Derek tries to fit in by stealing the butchers keys. Derek has unwittingly drifted into the wrong crowd. This is made significant by the obleak camera angles, the non-direct lighting, shadows on the wall and the dangerous music that plays while Derek is out with Craig, which are all quite threatening. The video uses impressionism and remission of American film Noir movies to the extent of the characters wearing hats and long coats. A lot of realism is involved with most of the filming taking places in streets, close areas and other real situations. Through out the film, his sister shows loyalty towards Derek and sticks up for him. Different levels are shown when people have more control over the situation and in one scene, Derek and his family are all shown shifting levels on the stairs, when Derek walks up them and is above everybody it shows him as being more powerful over the situation and the others are left standing around helplessly. Dereks illness makes him more vulnerable, he over hears his parents talk about him being a social outcast. Even when hes out with Craig he falls on glass which is indicating that hes a victim. Craig gives Derek a knuckle-duster to use on the roof on the night of the raid. When the police do get there, Derek gives himself up quite quickly. However he shouts Let him have it, shortly afterwards, Christopher Craig shoots a police officer, later this is used against him and said to be morally supporting Craig to shoot. When Craig fired the shot, the action changed to slow motion and the silence that followed was quite eerie. Everyone, including Christopher Craig looked shocked and scared. In the courtroom, the camera pans across the room showing the different people and a mixture of expressions and feelings that people are feeling. The camera looks down on Derek seeming to secure his fate as a victim. The judge and the jury all seem to already have their minds made up already and show no tolerance. The sentence hinges around Let him have it. Did it mean let him have the gun or a bullet from the gun? The judge insists that it was a bullet from the gun and that Derek was mentally supporting Craig at the time, which cant be proved. The judge was wearing white gloves and a black hat which again, like the beginning opening credits is symbolising death and the seriousness of the situation. When the jury have made their decision and both Derek and Christopher have been found guilty and told their sentences, Derek is walking down the steps and you hear the judges voice echoing, which is probably an indication of how Derek is hearing the voice in his head at the time. The lighting is dark and dark orange which is a symbol of how angry and upset Bentley is at Craig. The music is soft which represents Derek as being innocent. Derek and his family are supported across the country by people who believe that Derek is innocent. They receive letter of support from people and some people even make their own petitions. The Bentleys show a lot of distress when they go to see Derek, the worried looks and fear that they show is noticeable and slow motion and sad music is used in every scene between the family. At the sentence it is quite misty, I think this is quite appropriate for the day it is because some people have unclear feelings and people who know Derek Bentley well such as his family will be upset and the type of day adds to the mood. On the day of his death sentence, Bentleys family are shown silently sitting in their house with the camera panning across from them to the clock. This builds tension as the minutes count down to his death. The camera shot taken from the place of execution, leaves the scene and goes to Dereks house where we see the family still sitting there but showing their emotions. The camera looks down on the family like it did on Derek earlier, now the Bentleys are victims of social injustice. At the end of the film I placed the blame on Christopher Craig for initiating Derek to be part of the gang and encouraging him to d the raid, knowing that Bentley had the mental age of an eleven year old. I think I have been manipulated and that the film did show bias because every time we saw Christopher Craig it was implied that he was a bad influence, Craig wasnt given an opportunity to show that he was innocent or that he too was being misled, possibly by his brother or just by trying to keep up with his brother. Out of the two media forms I preferred the film because it was more interesting, providing more information about both the event and the boys, especially Derek. This made the actual incident more interesting because you could see what happened and because you have already got to know Derek you want to know what happened to him. Seeing him as a victim of the judges in the court is biased to how we feel when we see him get hanged which makes you feel angry towards Craig and upset that his family went through so much distress. The audience response in both media forms have been manipulated to create an interesting and informative news source. Both show biased by using emotive and formal language, they use the present tense and link phrases together. Both show bias towards the boys and in particular Christopher Craig. Portraying Derek as a victim in the film is biased and influences how we think, it makes us see him as innocent and misled. The newspaper article emphasises on the shooting of the police officer and makes out that the raid was made by gangsters. Neither media sources say what happened without using hyperbole, generalising information or leaving certain information out to produce the information source that they want to.

SAT Essay Scoring The Real Story

SAT Essay Scoring The Real Story SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It's 17-19 days after your SAT test date, so you log into the CollegeBoard website, eager to see how you did. You look at your essay score and see...â€Å"9.† You check for more detail in your score report and see that Grader 1 gave you a 5, Grader 2 gave you a 4...and that's it. So how are SAT essays graded, and how can you use this information to your advantage? Read on to find out! feature image credit: Iffy explains it all by Quinn Dombrowski, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Cropped and resized from original. A Quick Look Into SAT Essay Grading The first thing you do when you sit down to take the SAT is the 25-minute essay section. Once you write your essay (as well as the rest of the test), though, what happens to it? Your essay is scanned and uploaded to an essay grading interface and graders then grade it. SAT essays are currently graded on a scale of 1-6 by two graders, giving you a total essay score out of 12. This score out of 12, along with your raw score on the SAT Writing multiple-choice questions, is factored into your total SAT Writing score. If the two graders give you scores more than 1 point apart (i.e. if one grader gives your essay a 2 and another gives your essay a 4), a third essay grader will be brought in to resolve the issue. Your SAT essay scores are based on each essay grader’s impression of your essay as a whole, which is why the SAT essay is said to be graded "holistically." You don’t get a certain number of points taken off for grammar mistakes or for organizational issues, as you might on a normal school essay. In fact, graders are trained to ignore minor errors in grammar, sentence structure, and so on. Important note: In March 2016, the SAT essay will be changing in format and grading structure, so some of this information may not be accurate for that test. Check back for updates! SAT Essay Scoring: Official Policy How are graders supposed to grade? I've copied the official policy from the CollegeBoard below: â€Å"The SAT Scoring Guide expresses the criteria readers use to evaluate and score the student essays. The guide is structured on a six-point scale. Since the SAT essay is scored holistically, readers are trained to use the SAT Scoring Guide in conjunction with anchor papers, which have been scored by consensus as representative examples. The language of the Scoring Guide provides a consistent and coherent framework for differentiating between score points, without defining specific traits or types of essays that define each score point.† What's the SAT Scoring Guide? While I've written another article that goes into detail about the SAT essay grading rubric, I'll give a quick rundown of its main points here: Point of View, Logic, and Support You must: Have a clear opinion on the prompt (a thesis). Make sure you clearly answer the essay prompt, both in your introduction with a thesis statement and over the course of your essay. For example, take the essay prompt were "Are important discoveries the result of focusing on one subject?" Your thesis (and your essay) should clearly answer this question, preferably with a "yes" or "no" (SAT essays that try to answer "sort of yes, sort of no" tend to be weaker, since you only have 25 minutes to write your essay). You must: Use specific examples to support your point. You can't just say "my point of view is correct because it is" and be done. Instead, you need to use specific examples from history, literature, pop culture/current events, or your own life to support your thesis. You must: Explain these specific examples in a way that supports your thesis. It's also not enough to just write your thesis and then describe a specific example - you also need to explain why that example supports your thesis. Organization and Focus You must: Keep your essay organized. This means sticking to a clear essay structure (with an introduction, body paragraphs for each example, and a conclusion) as well as making sure your thoughts are organized within each paragraph. Vocabulary and Word Choice In order to score highly, you must: Use a wide variety of vocabulary correctly. It's good to use advanced vocabulary, but only if you're using the words correctly. You can get away with a few errors, but if your word choice starts to seriously affect the meaning of your sentences, your essay score may drop. Sentence Structure In order to score highly, you must: Use a variety of sentence structures. As I've said in other articles, this is the area that I struggle the most with under time pressure. As long as you don't start multiple sentences in a row with the same word (oops) or write sentences that all have the same underlying structure (e.g. "Gandhi was a great leader. India was in trouble. The world was watching."), however, you should be fine. Grammar, Etc. You must: Use standard written English grammar. Again, it's all right to make minor errors in grammar and punctuation in your essay - graders are trained to overlook minor issues. If your essay has consistent issues with grammar that make it difficult to understand your reasoning, however, this will affect your essay score. SAT Essay Grading in Practice Essay graders don’t grade based on how correct your statements are. This means that you can write things like "My friend was killed by a polar bear because he didn't go to the instructional course about how to deal with bear attacks" or "The Scopes Monkey Trial ended with Scopes being executed for his belief in evolution" and the graders will have to take it as true. My reaction when I first learned this: WHAT. How can that be true?! So I investigated further and found the reasons that lie behind this rule. Because SAT essay scorers don’t have time to fact check each and every fact in each and every essay, they must take everything you write in your essay as true. Plus, the stated purpose of the SAT essay assignment is to "show how effectively you can develop and express ideas" in 25 minutes. The CollegeBoard understands that under the time pressure of a 25-minute essay students will sometimes write things like "World War I took place in the early 1800s" (instead of "the early 1900s"). As long as your statements logically support your thesis, you're in the clear (although if you write things that don’t make sense that undermine your main point, your essay grade will suffer). Second, while there’s nothing in the publicly available official guidelines that say how long each grader has to grade, interviews with and articles by former SAT essay graders have provided further information about the grading process: if an essay scorer takes longer than 2-3 minutes to grade each essay, she has to be "retrained." This process is annoying, as the grader has to grade a series of pre-graded essays and make sure she's within a point of the grade before she can get back to grading actual student essays. Graders may also be forced to retrain if they run into a prescored essay that's been thrown in among the student essays and don't score it within one point of the score. To avoid all of this retraining, graders will sometimes score in the middle of a range to stay on the safe side. For example, if an essay is at least a 4, a grader might score it a 5 because that grade is within one point of a 6 OR a 4 (and might be right on target with a 5). Interior of a beet sugar factory showing centrifuges (CHS-2496) by Ashley Van Haeften, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. "These score results show the need for retraining. Let us return Grader 18927 to the vat." What Does This Mean for Your SAT Essay? Now that you know a little more about the official SAT essay grading policies and the reality of SAT essay grading, how can you use this information to write higher-scoring essays? Don’t hide your thesis. Graders spend 2-3 minutes per essay or else face a retraining penalty. They will not be happy if they have to hunt all over to find your point of view, so state your thesis clearly in your introduction. Be organized. Again, because the grader is spending a short amount of time on your essay, you want to make it easier for her to follow your logic. You can make a few mistakes. As long as errors in your grammar, punctuation, and spelling don’t significantly affect the readability of your essay, your essay's graders won’t penalize you for it. Similarly, as long as the facts you use in your essay logically support your thesis, it doesn't matter if they're actually true or not. For instance, you could completely change the plot of a novel like George Orwell's Animal Farm, and as long as the changes you've made make logical sense, the graders must not penalize you for it. What’s Next? Curious about what standards SAT essay scorers are using to grade your essay? Go into more detail on this topic with my article on the SAT Grading Rubric. Now that you know how your essay is scored, find out what's a good SAT essay score and compare it to the average SAT essay score. Get more insights on the SAT essay with our strategies for the SAT essay, based on stories of former SAT essay graders. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this SAT Essay lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get your SAT essays hand-graded by a master instructor who will give you customized feedback on how you can improve. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Did You Know You Can Delete ACT Scores How to Do It

Did You Know You Can Delete ACT Scores How to Do It SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Did you know it’s possible to totally delete a set of ACT scores you don’t like? Poof - just like that. A bad set of ACT scores can vanish. This isn't a well known fact, and in fact we were surprised to discover it ourselves. But it has big implications for how you test, especially if you're afraid of taking the test too many times because it'll look bad to colleges. We will explain how to delete ACT scores and discuss in which circumstances it might make sense. Read on for an exclusive guide to getting rid of bad ACT scores. What Does Deleting an ACT Test Score Do? Deleting a test record means you are completely erasing the scores from a particular test date. This includes both the overall composite score and the individual section scores. (For more on ACT scoring, see our post.) If you do this, those scores will be permanently deleted and you will never see them again. You also won’t get a refund for that test date. This is different from canceling scores – canceling stops the ACT from grading a particular test (students usually do this if they get sick or really struggle on test day). This means the scores never even exist because the test was never graded. For scores to be deleted, the test obviously has to be graded and scored first. We'll talk about some reasons students might delete an ACT test record below. Why Would You Delete an ACT Test Record? Basically, if you have an ACT score you’re unhappy with and don’t want colleges to see, you can delete it. Again, keep in mind you’re forfeiting the money you spent to get that score if you do this. This gets you around the requirement some colleges have to send all of your existing standardized test scores. For example, both Stanford and Yale require applicants to send all scores they have from the ACT or SAT. â€Å"Official scores from all test dates must be sent to Stanford directly from the ACT or the College Board (the reporting agency for the SAT) or both if the applicant has taken the ACT and the SAT. Applicants may not use the College Board's Score Choice feature or "hide" any scores with either testing agency," says Stanford on their admissions site. â€Å"You must report the scores of all of the SATs and any SAT Subject Tests you have taken, or all of the ACTs and ACT Writing Tests that you’ve taken," says Yale. However, if you delete an ACT score, it will no longer exist – making it impossible to send. I spoke with someone at the ACT who confirmed that colleges will not see scores you have deleted. Is this a bit of a sneaky workaround? Maybe. But if the ACT gives you the option to delete your test scores, there is nothing wrong with your using that service. By accepting the ACT as a standardized test, colleges have to also accept the ACT’s score policies, including score deletion. ACT Test Scores You Can't Delete Even though deleting ACT scores is possible in some cases, keep the following exceptions in mind. First, you can’t delete every possibleACT score you have. Specifically, you can’t delete scores associated with state or district tests. This is because those scores aren’t just for you, they’re used to evaluate your school and district. Furthermore, if you take the ACT as part of district testing, you didn’t pay for it. The ACT says students have the right to delete their scores because â€Å"students own their test scores.† In short, deleting only applies to testing that you paid for. A map showing the states that use the ACT as part of their testing. Image via ACT State Services. Second, deleting a test record won’t do anything about scores that have already been sent to colleges. So if you had your scores sent to colleges right after you took the ACT, you can't get those reports back. In fact, we recommend that you not send those four free score reports that come with your ACT registration because they’re sent before you know your score, which is pretty risky. Should You Delete Your ACT Scores? Don’t delete a test record before you’re sure of a few things. You don't want to act too quickly and completely lose a test record forever before you're positive you want it deleted. First, Where Are You Applying? Some schools, for example MIT, don’t require applicants to send all of their scores. â€Å"Students are free to use the College Board's Score Choice option and the ACT's option to submit the scores of your choice as well," they say on their admissions site. Harvard has the same policy: â€Å"You are free to use the College Board Score Choice option or the similar option offered by the ACT.† If you are only applying to schools that allow you to use score choice – or in other words to only send your best scores – you don’t have to worry about deleting bad ACT scores. To see if a school allows score choice, search for the â€Å"Standardized Testing† page on their application website. Schools will specify there if they want all of your scores or if they’ll let you use score choice. If the info isn't on the standardized testing page, check the Frequently Asked Questions. Also stay tuned for our post about which schools require all scores. Second, How Low is Low? In case you are applying to schools that require you to submit all scores, or even if you have a score you don’t think you would send if you had the choice, you should decide if that score is really too low to keep. See our guide to good, bad, and excellent ACT scores to see if the score you’re worried about is in range for your target schools. Don’t delete a score unless you’re positive it’s bad. This is especially true if your composite was lower than you wanted, but you had some high section scores. It’s possible that on a retake you could get a higher composite but have certain section scores go down, and you might want colleges to see those high section scores. For example, say your first ACT composite was a 26 but you had a 34 on the Math section. If you retake the ACT and get to a 32 composite but your math score is 30 the second time around, you would lose that high math score. Think carefully before deleting a set of ACT scores with any high section scores. Third, Don't Delete Your Score Too Quickly Do not delete your ACT score until you already have achieved a higher score on a retake. If you delete your score before you retake the ACT, what happens if you get an even lower score on the retake? Then you have lost your higher score and can’t get it back. The best case then would be to retake the ACT a third time, costing you more time and money. There is no rush on deleting your scores, so focus on retaking the ACT and getting a higher score before you worry about deleting a low score. Patience isn't only a virtue... it can save you time and money. Fourth, When Did You Take the ACT? If you took the ACT for a talent competition or other program in middle school or earlier, you don't have to delete those scores, even if they’re super low. Colleges are only concerned with standardized testing you took while in high school. If anything, participation in early talent programs will look good on college applications, so you have no need to delete a score from an ACT back in middle school. So How Do You Actually Delete an ACT Record? To delete a test record, you simply have to submit a written request to ACT. Provide your name and home address and state you wish to delete a test record. Mail the request to: ACT Institutional Services P.O. Box 168 Iowa City, IA 52243-0168 USA ACT will then mail you a form to complete and return. After you submit the form, the test record will then be permanently deleted from ACT’s records. There is no additional cost for this – however, you are forfeiting whatever you paid to take the ACT on that test date. What’s Next? Have an ACT score you’re not proud of? We have resources to help you prepare to knock your retake out of the park. Start by reading a guide to a perfect ACT score by our 36 full-scorer. Even if you're not going for a perfect score, these study principles can help you make the improvements you need to get a higher ACT score. Get strategies for reading ACT science passages, concepts you need to master ACT English, and learn how to stop running out of time on ACT Math. We recommend taking at least one full-length, strictly-timed ACT practice test to get used to the test format and build your stamina. Get links to free, official tests here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Consideration in English Law is Required in Every Contract Essay

Consideration in English Law is Required in Every Contract - Essay Example This essay will look into English law of contracts in relation to consideration. Overview Consideration can be described as the price to which a promise is given in return for something else. In most cases, promises need not to be in terms of money but in many other forms. According to the law of English contracts, if an agreement or a promise is not supported by consideration then it is considered nudum pactum (a bare promise) and it is not enforceable by law. The English contracts laws have traditionally had the clause of consideration for the contract to be accepted as. For instance, in large or valuable transactions, the law requires that all parties bring something of value â€Å"consideration† for a contract to be legally binding. This law of consideration was designed to ensure that all parties are given fair treatments or equal standing in the formation of contracts (Jenks, 2010). This clause is important especially in cases where issues arise after the formation of a contract. Consideration law can be used is solving changes to the contract law in cases such as in debugging the equitable doctrine of promissory estoppels. This is the case whereby earlier terms or agreements cannot be enforced in the solution of cases. Consideration is regarded as an agreement that had the intentions of the terms to be legally binding. Consideration can be anything that is sufficient in that it can be weighted and decided to have economic value (Cruz, 2008). English courts make use of consideration in deciding whether promises or contracts are legal or enforceable. A consideration cannot be drawn in the past unless there are express terms of a request by either of the parties. Several cases have presented difficult situations for solution of cases such as part payment of debts or undertaking duties currently obligated. This was evident in the case of Williams vs. Roffey where the court decided that the contract was legal since the duties undertaken by Williams wen t beyond his legally obligated duties (Chitty, 2006). Considerations are important in English law in that they are used in making sure that the terms of the contract can be enforceable. This is especially true in cases or contracts that are supposed to be enforced in the future. But the most used form of the term consideration in contracts is when there is a direct exchange of goods for money or goods for goods. Consideration in contracts is normally enforceable and practised practically when something has been given or promised in exchange for something else. A promise in English law is a contract if a promise or consideration is attached to the promise (Atkins, 1999). For instance, if you promise to pay or buy someone a gift who have to write it down or make a deed. In the case of Currie vs. Misa of 1875, consideration in the sense of law consists of interest, benefit or profit accruing to one person and detriment or loss of responsibility to be undertaken by the other party. The understanding and execution of these contracts are quite simple. In some cases the execution or implementation of the law of contracts is difficult as in the case of Dunlop Pneumatic Tyre Co Ltd vs. Selfridge & Co Ltd of 1915, whereby consideration was difficult to enforce. In such as case, there was exchange of promises where neither of them was enforced. The making of the

The Government Intervention on Private Residential Property after Essay

The Government Intervention on Private Residential Property after Economic Turmoil - Essay Example This paper declares that  the economic turmoil in Asia, commonly known as the Asian economic crisis took over the continent in 1997, submerging most sectors in a type of economic upheaval whose repercussion sustained even years after the termination of the crucial phase. The four South-East Asian tigers were the most deeply affected in the region. Soon after the popularization of the concept of export-led growth, the region got engrossed in paving out strategies of attaining fast growth through this channel.  This study highlights that the South East Asian tigers of Singapore, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and South Korea., soon started concentrating in building up a comparative advantage in the manufacture of electronic goods that led to the inflow of enormous amounts of foreign exchange into the region. The short term success that the region saw generated perceptions among the external economies about the investment potentials bestowed in the region. Quite naturally, this observation led to a rise in the inflow of resources into the economy in the form of foreign direct investment of which the real estate sector was one of the pioneer one. The real estate sector especially bore its roots in the economy of Hong Kong, which had a relatively more relative trade environment than its neighbors, which is why it was almost like a haven for foreign real estate developers, despite the active participation of the domestic government in the sector.

Social Motivation Essay Example for Free

Social Motivation Essay â€Å"Be careful. You can hurt with your words, but you can also hurt with your silence. † This is the quote of the week from the blog of the famous author, Paulo Coelho. Words are indeed powerful. One can either bless or curse another just by uttering words. But more powerful than words is the manner in which they are said. Most conflicts arise from misunderstandings which in turn are caused by statements not properly worded or not properly spoken. A person may mean one thing with his statement while another person can interpret it differently. The workplace is a common venue for conflicts rooted in the misuse and misinterpretation of words. Sometimes, it becomes a hostile environment especially when there are difficult co-workers stressing you out. How to deal with such an environment is pretty much the same with how it was done to at least diminish Guinea worm infestation in Nigeria: making use of the six sources of influence. Influence is power. Considering the situation in the workplace where a difficult co-worker irritates you and makes your environment unfriendly and reviewing the six sources of influence, we have the following: 1. Personal Motivation (Make the Undesirable Desirable) Where there is conflict, there isn’t peace, there isn’t harmony. And definitely, it would also be difficult for you to work well. When your work is affected, so is your performance, so is your rating as an employee. With these in mind, you wouldn’t want to be in conflict with anyone. And to be able to avoid it, be the good influencer. Make it your motivation to make friends with the difficult people in your workplace, because a harmonious environment won’t just be beneficial to them or to your bosses, but more importantly, to you. 2. Personal Ability (Surpass Your Limits) You are capable to make things happen. In one of the Influencer Videos in VitalSmarts. com, it is boldly stated, â€Å"Everyone has the power to change their world. † If you think you can’t, you’re definitely wrong. You may not believe in your ability that enough, but you definitely can do something. With proper motivation, make it a habit to be gentle, speaking just the right words at the right tone, at the right time. Be patient with difficult people. You may not get to influence them at once, but so long as you make an effort to speak kind words, you will notice an improvement in their behavior as well. 3. Social Motivation (Harness Peer Pressure) In the workplace setting, social motivation is much like personal motivation. If you can’t make it on your own, talk to your immediate superior or anyone who has authority to discuss with the whole team the essentials of a harmonious relationship. If there needs to be a teambuilding or at least a seminar on how to tame the tongue and the proper and professional way of saying words, then have one. People need to know or be reminded of how they should behave. 4. Social Ability (Find Strength in Numbers) Harmony won’t be achieved without unity. That’s the best explanation and motivation as well. Changing the world begins with changing one person. But that doesn’t end there. It should be a chain reaction: changing one person to change another. Co-workers must help each other. It would help to have a bulletin prominently posted inside the workplace to remind each worker about the power of their words and their manner of speaking. 5. Structural Motivation (Design Rewards and Demand Accountability) At the end of each week or each month, whichever is applicable, reward the friendliest person or the group or give recognition to those who didn’t have any issue or conflict with a co-worker. 6. Structural Ability (Change the Environment) From hostile, make the environment a friendly one. Design plans and activities for the team to be bonded. Make competitions healthy and professional. The most effective way to do this is by example. Let the change start in you. Change your ways and attitude towards your workmates and things. In doing so, you are helping them be better co-workers. These six sources are interconnected and inseparable. One can only be a good influencer if he is able to make use effectively all of the six. References Patterson, K. et. al. (2008). Influencer: The Power to Change Anything. New York: McGraw-Hill.

What Is The True Meaning Of Freedom History Essay

What Is The True Meaning Of Freedom History Essay Freedom is never voluntarily given by the oppressor; it must be demanded by the oppressed [Lb]. In the United States constitution it is stated We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal., but this is untrue. If that were true Martin Luther King Jr. would not have fought for civil rights and equality for minority groups in America. Dr. King campaigned for mans natural born rights, while others fought to stop them. Martin Luther King at age 26 with over a year of experience as a pastor, was elected head of Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), King led MIA to boycott unfair bus segregation. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land.[Book] King wanted to end all the injustice, which blacks and minority groups faced. The top 2% of the United States holds 90% of the nations wealth. Oh America, how often have you taken necessities from the masses to give luxuries to the classes God never intended for one group of people to live in superfluous inordinate wealth, while others live in abject deadening poverty.[Paul to American Christians] Along with this the U.S governments spend billions in the Vietnam War, while the poor in suffered. King stated that the nation was heading a spiritual death. King promoted a guaranteed income for all families. It would help to spread the wealth in the nation. In the fight for civil rights and equality Dr. King choice of weapon was non-violence. Living through the actual experience of the protest, nonviolence became more than a method to which I gave intellectual assent; it became a commitment to a way of life.[dbook] Dr. King believed in the six principles of nonviolence. King created these principles with the influenced of the famous Indian philosopher Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. The first principle nonviolence is not passive, but requires courage. Just because you will not physical fight for that you want, doesnt mean youre weak. You must stand up against oppression. Dr. King in his many marches and speeches promoted this very principle. He didnt let people oppress him; King used his courage to united people for a common cause. The second principle Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding. The purpose of nonviolence seeks to united people, who can understand each other. King wanted to give people the chance a redemption, which helped the minority of and the majority groups to be a peace. That would a crate a loving community. The third principle Nonviolent action is directed at eliminating evil, not destroying an evil-doer. When we love on the agape level we love men not because we like them, not because their attitudes and ways appeal to us, but because God loves them. Here we rise to the position of loving the person who does the evil deed while hating the deed he does.[book] Nonviolence believes in, what is written in the U.S constitution that all men are created equal. We are all equal and must respect and learn from on another. We must aim at destroying the evil within people, and not the people themselves. The fourth principle The willingness to accept suffering for the cause, if necessary, but never to inflict it. In Dr. Kings eulogy for the four little girls that were murder in Birmingham, Al, shows the meaning of this principle. The spilled blood of these innocent girls may cause the whole citizenry of Birmingham to transform the negative extremes of a dark past into the positive extremes of a bright future. Indeed this tragic event may cause the white South to come to terms with its conscience.[book] By taking in all pain and showing grief of your lost, may attack the evil doer conscience. Let the evil doer know that what he done is wrong, show him you will not attack, if you do your no better than him. The fifth principle A rejection of hatred, animosity or violence of the spirit, as well as refusal to commit physical violence. Somehow we must believe that the most misguided among them can learn to respect the dignity and the worth of all human personality[euoly]. Nonviolence rejects all evil intention. You cant dehumanize your brother, because hes your equal, too do that means to dehumanize yourself. The six principle Faith that justice will prevail. Dr. King stated We have seen truth crucified and goodness buried, but we have kept going with the conviction that truth crushed to earth will rise again[bus boycott] .You cant half-heartily believe in your goals. Be able to keep going through the highs and lows. Along with Dr. King there are many others leaders, who had similar views as him and those whos views were different. Reverend Jesse Jackson In 1965 met Martin Luther King, at the Selma March, an effort to get blacks to register to vote. With King he fought for equality and his dream. The American dream is a dream of hope and new possibilities. Then as now learning to live together under one big tent remains the moral imperative and the great opportunity of our times. for this dream, we challenged closed-door policies. We faced dogs, jails, untimely deaths. I had already been to jail twice trying to use a library and other public facilities.  [save the dream]. He led Operation Breadbasket, which goals were to provide more job opportunities for blacks. The person, who influenced Dr. King in his Nonviolence approach, was the philosopher Mohandas K. Gandhi.   Gandhi was the leader of the Indian nationalist movement that opposed British rule. He Gandhi created satyagraha (devotion to truth). Satyagraha was a non violence way to fix wrongs within the country. Gandhi over the years led campaigns to ease poverty, build religious, and expand womens rights. Frederick Douglass, a born slave, later he would  become the leading spokesperson for the abolition of slavery and for racial equality. Douglass was invited to the anti-slavery convention in 184 in Massachusetts, to give a speech about his life as a slave. That speech led him to become one of the leading members of Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society. Douglass was constant attack by his opponents, for him being a slave, but he never flinched. Nonviolence is not passive, but requires courage. Douglass aligns with king, because of his courage to continue to use his voice for his cause, even with constant aggression from opponents. Muammar Gaddafi, the Brotherly Leader and Guide of the First of September Great Revolution of the Socialist Peoples Libyan Arab Jamahiriya(King of Libya). Gaddafi has been in power for over 40 years, protesting has recently grown bloody. The protesters are using Kings ideals to protest to end a dictatorship government, and the government in turns kills them. Gaddafi is using his government troops to kill innocent people, protesting his regime. Government is suppose to be their to protect the people, not harm them Many international powers, trying to force his to retired, saying hes violating international humanitarian laws. One of the most corrupt leaders in history, Adolf Hitler, the Fuhrer of Germany. Hitler eliminated all political  parties and government institutions in Germany, establishing him as a dictator. Hitler moved the masses, to believe that they could rule the world. This believe help start the worlds bloodiest war, World War II. During the war, Hitler caused the Holocaust, the genocide of people of the Jewish faith. He striped them of their god given right, to live. Hitler beliefs and actions, goes against everything Dr. King stood for. Hitler didnt want friends, he wanted slaves. The Butcher of Uganda, Idi Amin, the president of Uganda. Amin seize power after a military coup. During his eight-year presidency over 500,000 were killed and destroy his countrys economy. Admin agreed with Hitler decision to kill the Jews. Amin went as far is say he was the hero of Africa. Amin killed all that stood in his way. He believe his cause was a righteous one, but he goes against all Kings ideas. A man that orders half a million people killed cant be called a hero.

What would happen if he ate McDonalds for 30 days straight?

Morgan Spurlock wanted to see what would happen if he ate McDonalds for 30 days straight. Every meal, breakfast, lunch, and dinner, he was not allowed to eat or drink anything that was NOT from McDonalds. He has to eat everything on the menu at least once. And, on top of all that, if they asked him to supersize it, he had to do it! His journey has begun.Morgan weighed 185 pounds at the beginning of his journey. His girlfriend is a vegan chef, which is someone who does not eat meat, fish, dairy products, or eggs. She completely disagrees with the choice that Morgan has made, and thinks that he is going to kill himself doing it.The fattest nation in the world, you could guess, is America. The fattest state is Mississippi. The fattest city is Houston, Texas. Texas has 4 of the top 10 fattest cities in the Nation. And in Manhattan alone, there are 83 McDonalds. Every day, more than 46 million people are served worldwide!It is predicted that in the future, obesity will be the leading caus e of death, behind smoking. People who eat McDonalds once a week are called ‘heavy users’. Nutritionists say that never eating McDonalds in your entire life is the healthiest choice you can make.Morgan gained 25 pounds over 30 days of eating McDonalds. At second weigh in, he had gained 18 pounds, which was 203 pounds. At third weigh in, Morgan had actually lost one pound, putting him 202 pounds. At his fourth and final weigh in, Morgan had gained another 8 pounds, putting him at 210 pounds. Over this 30 day period, Morgan had consumed about 30 pounds of sugar.Eating fast food is very unhealthy. It can also be very addicting. These huge fast foods have all the money in the world to pay for advertising to attract a variety of age groups to come and buy their products. Every company does this, they have to advertise in order to stay in business!

A Day That I Can Never Forget

Saturday, April 3, 1990, became a day that I could never forget. After a long night’s sleep, I started the day with a smile on my face. On that day, I planned to be going on a simple bike ride with a friend. First, after I awoke, I was to call my friend and plan the ride. My friend and I had planned the bike ride to a place in town that we had never seen. Quicker than ever he arrived at my house. Upon arrival, we took two Gatorades and headed off on our way.While riding we saw a bike ramp that we had never before seen. The ramp screamed out with color, and that feature made it unusual. The ramp had pictures of animals drawn on it. We then both challenged eachother to go off the ramp. Agreeing to go off the ramp at the same time, we headed for the ramp at full speed. As we gained speed, we noticed a large swirling mass of light on the ramp. Trying to stop, we were thrown from our bikes into the mass of light.Next, we awoke from our fall to notice that we warped into a weird dim ension that was dominated by animals and humans were the animals’ slaves and pets. We realized that if we did not turn around and leave, we would be trapped. As we turned my friend noticed the porthole of light closing. Finally, we returned through the porthole just in time before it had closed. Just as we entered the real world I heard a loud buzzing sound. Lastly, I realized it was all just a dream, but it all felt too real to forget.

Early Neolithic Civilizations essays

Early Neolithic Civilizations essays I believe that humans have always sought control over our lives, environments, and the people around us. The Neolithic revolution enabled people to increase their control over these factors. Though it was likely unconscious at first, humans began to select the plants and animals that they interacted with. Once people realized that the plants and animals were changing because of that interaction, it was only a short leap to begin deliberate attempts at change. Dogs were once of the first domesticated animals, and evidence for this can be found in all parts of the world. In southwest Asia and North America, evidence for domestication is found as far back as 11,000 years ago. All dogs are descended from various types of wolves. It is likely that humans accidentally became involved with the predators, but once they realized their usefulness, humans began to actively search out and artificially select for wolves that were different. They would likely have chosen those who were less aggressive, differently colored, and larger or smaller. Thus began the evolution of the dog into it many varied forms of today (Feder 438-440). In southwest Asia - the Middle East, cereal crops went through a similar process 9,000 ya by the Natufians. Wheat is a plant common to this area, and two domesticated varieties emmer and einkorn have been dated to more than 10,000 years ago (456). The wild wheat had two problems that had to be dealt with. First, that rachis of a wheat plant (where the seeds attach to the plant) becomes brittle and breaks very easily when the seeds become ripe. In the wild, this allows the seeds to be easily carried off by winds or animals, allowing for the spread of the plant. Also, the kernel is encased by a glume that is very tough, and requires much grinding to remove and make edible. As humans began to work with these plants, they would naturally utilize the plants with tougher rachis because these woul...