Conflict Between Greek and Gothic Revival - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3089 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Architecture Essay Tags: Conflict Essay Did you like this example? The Greek Revival and the Gothic Revival are terms that carry specific meanings in relation to the history of architecture. What did they represent at the time and what was the nature of the conflict between the respective adherents? The Gothic Revival represented chiefly two things: firstly, in its earlier form, it was a Romantic celebration in stone of the spirit and atmosphere of the Middle Ages; secondly, in its later and more serious form, the Gothic Revival reflected the architectural and philosophical conviction of its exponents that the moral vigour of the Middle Ages was reflected in its Gothic architecture, and that the reintroduction of this Gothic style of architecture to eighteenth-century society could re-invigorate it morally. Neo-Gothic architecture in its earlier forms, typified by buildings such as Horace Walpoles Strawberry Hill, was characterized by a highly ornamental, decadent, visually powerful and intricate style; and, what is more, a style that cared little for functionalism or strict adherence to specific structures. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conflict Between Greek and Gothic Revival" essay for you Create order By these characteristics Neo-Gothic architecture encapsulated the Romantic literary and poetic spirit of the age, as had been evinced in the works of men like Horace Walpole, Alfred Tennyson and Sir Walter Scott. In this sense, the Neo-Gothic was a nostalgic and sentimental backward glance. In a different sense the Gothic Revival represented the attempt of certain architects and churchmen to transfer the liturgical vigour of Gothic churches of the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century by capturing it in stone. Thus men like Augustus Pugin and John Ruskin came to argue that the Gothic Revival represented a standard of moral excellence that was to be practised and imitated as widely as possible. The Greek Revival grew out of the neoclassicism movement, and represented in essence an attempt by its adherents to find in the architecture of antiquity a form of architecture that corresponded to the principles of reason and order emerging from their own Age of Reason and Enlightenmen t. Neoclassicism, and the Greek Revival in particular, represented a pursuit for architectural and intellectual truth. An architect could perceive in the forms of antiquity principles of excellent reasoning and intelligence that prevailed in the rationalistic spirit of his own age, and by reinvigorating the ancient style the neoclassical architect could build buildings that were inspired by and inspired in others principles of reason and rationality. Neoclassicism and the Greek Revival conflicted with the Gothic Revival because they perceived the moral truths claimed by the Gothic revivalists as chiefly illusory and false. The Gothic Revival was, in the neo-classicists eyes, a decadent celebration of style over substance that elevated illusion and ornament above reason and truth. Neo-Gothic architects were seemingly content to produce endless copies and weak imitations of Gothic style merely to please frivolous aristocrats; neo-classicists however believed that their architec ture was a creative act that gave birth to constantly new adaptations of the classical model. Neo-Gothic architects in turn conflicted with neoclassicism because it was cold and devoid of emotion, feeling or moral purpose; its elite attitude rendered any collaboration between the two styles most difficult. Art historians divide the Gothic Revival into two stages, and each of these stages came to represent quite different ideas. The first stage of the Gothic revival was characterized a raw and naive imitation of Gothic architecture that lacked either an architectural philosophy or a coherent system of organization. The first building of this early type was Lord Horace Walpoles villa Strawberry Hill which was built in 1747; another prominent early specimen was Fonthill Abbey designed and built by James Wyatt. Both of these buildings, in the spirit of Walpoles atmospheric novel Castle of Otranto (Walpole, 2004), were attempts to preserve in stone the Romantic atmosphere of the Middle Ages; both also demonstrated perhaps more clearly than any other buildings of this time the impracticality and lack of structure of much Neo-Gothic building. This first flourishing of Neo-Gothic architecture was extended into the public sphere also: for instance in the new Houses of Parliament designed and built by Sir Charles Barry and A.W. Pugin. In America too, this nascent Neo-Gothic style was reflected in buildings such as Richard Upjohns Trinity Church built in New York in 1840 and Renwicks St. Patricks Cathedral also built in New York. The picturesque quality and organization of many of these buildings led to applause for its Romantic splendour, but also much criticism for its lack of substance and for its unfaithful imitation of the original Gothic form. If the first stage of the Gothic Revival lacked diligent observation and restoration of Gothic architecture or philosophical principles, then serious efforts were made at the turn of the century to ground the movement more securely upon such principles. The late period of Neo-Gothic is thus characterized by a stricter adherence to medieval architectural form and to a philosophical interpretation that viewed Gothic architecture as a paragon of moral virtue and excellence. In England two men were of foremost importance in the development of this second stage: A. Pugin and J. Ruskin. (In France, Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Due played an equally important role). By this time, architects were no longer content to merely imitate Gothic forms and designs, but sought to create original works founded upon the principles of the original Gothic architecture and which fitted to the particular circumstances of nineteenth-century society. Thus at the turn of the nineteenth-century it is possible to observe a clear evolution in the form of the Gothic Revival away from the loose sentimentality and picturesque quality of the early period and towards a style of dominated by precise architectural limitation of Gothic form as made possible by detailed and comprehensive investigations into this style. One such early investigation was John Carters The Ancient Architecture of England (Carter, 1795) which was the first work that recorded with extensive detail and exactitude the Gothic style of medieval buildings; Thomas Rickmans An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture (Rickman, 1817) gave an extensive account of the varieties of Gothic styles, whilst Pugins Specimens of Gothic Architecture (Pugin,1821) deepened and extended the range and accuracy of these initial investigations. Nonetheless, despite the great advances that had been made in the scholarship of the Gothic Revival, the actual building of Gothic buildings remained for some time in the earlier ornamental style that characterized the first period of the movement famous examples being Windsor Castle which was restored in 1824 by Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, and Kings College Cambridge in 1827to 18 31. The greatest use of the Neo-Gothic style at this time was however for church buildings the style being cheaper and easier to construct than neoclassical designs. For all the diligent and pain-staking work of the Gothic Revival scholars to come to life in actual buildings it took the skill and vision of one particular man. This man was Augustus Charles Pugin: he presented the argument that Neo-Gothic architectural style was the most fitting emblem of the spirit of the Catholic Church and so was also therefore the only permissible architectural form to express the work of Godin his Church. In Contrasts (1836) Pugin argued that architectural form imitates the condition of the society that creates it; since the society of medieval times was a paragon of virtue and moral integrity then it was natural and obvious that Gothic architecture is the most moral form of architecture. Thus in The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture (1841) Pugin was able to set down co mprehensive and coherent principles for the justification of the Gothic Revival. In a major step away from the earlier decadence or the style, Pugin argued that all features and designs of a church must be essential for its correct functioning and structural shape; architecture form must be clean and purposeful since these are also the qualities that we expect of our moral condition. Pugin put this architectural philosophy into practice most assiduously in the years 1837 to 1844: in St Marys Church in Derby, in St. Wilfreds Church in Manchester and in St. Oswalds Church in Liverpool and many other church buildings. Pugins work quickly became an inspiration for Anglican Church reformers such as the Tractarians in Oxford who used his architectural church style as an ideal form by which to carry out their own agenda of church building restoration. It should be noted here that Pugins work as well as that of many other architects across Britain and Europe was profoundly influenc ed by the ideas of John Ruskin and his two seminal works The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849) and The Stones of Venice (Ruskin,1854). Ruskins ideas were inspired by the architectural forms that he had seen in Italy and particularly in Venice; Ruskin thus argued that Gothic was the supreme form of architecture due to the sacrifice made by stonemasons in detailing every stone of a building. Ruskin thus exalted Doges Palace as the central building in the world (Ruskin, 1854) arguing that Pugins programme of Gothic Revival in churches should be extended to government buildings also. Moreover, Ruskin himself by his teachings extended the Gothic Revival further by promoting a polychromatic style of work inspired by Italian Gothic architecture. This work in turn inspired buildings such as Butterfields All Saints Church, Keble College in Oxford and Rugby School. In short, by the end of the eighteenth century the Gothic Revival had been transformed from what began as a Romantical ly inspired fondness for majestic ornamentalism, into a style of architecture grounded upon powerful moral and philosophical principles as well as an intricate and comprehensive awareness of Gothic form. The Greek Revival, a growth out of the neoclassicism movement, flourished in the years 1750-1830, and was in many ways the antithesis of the Neo-Gothic form of architecture with which it was contemporaneous. As we have seen, whatever its later manifestations, the Gothic Revival had been a product of Romanticism and of the passions and emotions; the Greek Revival, in complete contrast, exalted reason, the intellect and rationality above all else. Neoclassicism sought as its highest aim to realize architectural and intellectual purity and truth in stark contrast to what it perceived to be the ornamentalism and illusory truth of the Neo-Gothic style. Neo-classicism was founded upon a corpus of work that had in antiquity achieved canonical status, that is, it was based upon t he observation of classic art and classic form. In the words of Crook (1995) Ideally à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and neoclassicism is essentially an art of the ideal an artist, well-schooled and comfortably familiar with the canon, does not repeat in a lifeless reproductions, but synthesizes the tradition anew in each work . In other words, neoclassicism of which the Greek Revival was to become the most refined example sought the highest possible levels of artistic achievement; the neo-classicist style existed only to reinterpret for contemporary circumstances the great work and principles that had already been achieved in the past. Thus, in Crooks words (1995), Neoclassicism exhibits perfect control of an idiom (Crook,1995); that is perfection already achieved, the architects task is to fit that perfection of antiquity in a modern cast. All of these above points are significant for understanding the opposition of architects of the Greek Revival against the Gothic Revival. For , in the beginning, much of Neo-Gothic architecture consisted of little more than crude and naive imitations of far superior original Gothic works. Thus in such imitation work there was no creativity and no continuation of the development of an existing idiom. Thus Neo-Gothic form was viewed by Greek revivalists as superfluous and as inferior to their own architectural pursuits. The emergence of the Greek Revival was made possible by an astonishing efflorescence of archaeological exploration into the sites and cultures of classical Rome and Greece around the middle of the eighteenth century. The discoveries of the archaeologists inspired and sustained the Greek revival. In 1719 Bernard de Montfaucons released his giant ten-volume opus Antiquity Explained and Represented in Diagrams (Montfaucon, 1719). This book was hugely popular and intrigued the imaginations hundreds and thousands of European tourists who began to flock to the sites of ancient Rome and Greece. Furthermore , the sensational excavations of cities like Pompeii and Herculaneum in 1748 and 1738 further fuelled the imaginations of architects, archaeologists, novelists and many others. Many other works on classical art and architecture such as Giovanni PiranesisPrima Parte di Architecttura, Robert Woods Ruins of Palmyra (1753) and Robert Adams Ruins of the Temple of the Emperor Diocletian (Adams, 1764)were soon published and led to still further thousands going on adventures to the Continent. This general interest in classical antiquity quickly transformed in the eighteenth century into a burst of fascination with Greek antiquities in particular and displayed a conviction as to the superiority of Greek above Roman architecture. The discovery of the sixth-century ruins of Paestrum received much publicity and was recorded by Italian artist Domenico Antonini and French architect Jacques-Germain Soufflot; soon afterwards Pancrazi published his seminal Antichita Siciliane and Dumont rele ased his Ruins de Paestrum. Deeper investigation into the Greek mainland territory led James Stuart and Nicholas Revett to publish The Antiquities of Athens (Stuart Revett, 1750) which was highly influential upon architects in England. Whilst it took some time for this appreciation of Greek form to be turned into actual imitative buildings nonetheless the superiority of Greek to Roman architecture had been established by the time of Johan Winckelmanns Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks in 1765. Thus architects of the Greek Revival sought to infer from these classical forms principles of order and reason that corresponded to those being discovered in their own age of Enlightenment; neoclassical architects argued that if their own buildings came to embody these principles then society at large would be edified by the experience. Nonetheless, the Greek Revival, like Neoclassicism generally, contained an inherent paradox. Its longing backward-stare to the times of antiquity was inspired by as much by an emotional fondness for antiquity (supposedly the characteristic of the Romantic Gothic Revival) as a predilection for principles of pure reason and rationality. Thus some twentieth century arthistorians have come to speak of this aspect of the Greek Revival as Romantic Classicism (Stillman, 1998). After 1800, in England, the internal dynamics of Neoclassicism directed the movement away from Roman architecture and toward that of ancient Greece as such, a huge number of buildings were built in these years according to the architectural principles of ancient Greece. Sir John Soane, the architect of the Bank of England, developed a highly influential architectural style that involved promoting the linear abstraction of classical Greek forms and, by using extensive archaeological evidence to inform the designs of patterns, he achieved a spectacular dramatization of the interior spaces of his buildings a style reminiscent of Etie nne-Louis Boullee and Claude-Nicholas Ledoux on the continent. A prominent example of this new style in England was Downing College, Cambridge, modelled upon the Erechtheum from the Acropolis in Athens. The Covent Garden Theatre in London, built by Sir Robert Smirke, was the first Doric style building in the capital; the planning of Regent Street as well as Regent Street Park by John Nash reflected the use of classical Greek styles of city planning and organization. So too the British Museum in London built in 1847 is perhaps the most prominent example of ionic Greek imitation in Britain. In Edinburgh named admiringly the Athens of the North by locals at the time the Greek Revival was extremely influential in the eighteenth century, as shown in buildings such as the Royal High School and the Royal Scottish Academy. The dominance of Greek neoclassical architecture would dominate the British landscape until the advent of Modernism in the twentieth century. In the final anal ysis, even if it is paradoxical to say so in light of the sustained conflict that existed between them, both the Gothic Revival and Greek Revival had similar goals, and used similar means to attain those goals. The Gothic Revival began life as a celebration of the spirit and forms of a time other than its own: the Middle Ages. So too, the Greek Revival was engendered by a renascent fascination with classical archaeology and the Greek Revivals preoccupation was with the ideals and forms of ancient Greece somewhere even more removed than Medieval Europe! The Greek Revival ultimately represented an attempt to renew and reinvigorate the classical Greek belief in the purity and perfection of architectural form and its corresponding revelation of truth. It was thus no coincidence that the spirit of the neoclassical age was also dominated by the Enlightenment and the Age of Reason. The Greek Revival thus cast the ancient principles of classical Greece in the mould of eighteenth cent ury rationality; the aim here, like with the later Gothic Revival, being to produce a form of architecture that would edify society. The bitter conflict between the Gothic Revival and the Greek Revival can be explained simply by the fact that each were prepossessed by attitudes quite contrary to the other: one exalting reason and order, the other passion and emotion. Both revivals were each consumed in the whirlwind of their own zeitgeist and only with retrospect and the other advantages of history is it possible show the equal validity of their separate truths. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adam, R. (1764). Ruins of the Temple of the Emperor Diocletian. Graham Henry, London. Atterbury, P. (1996). A.W.N. Pugin: Master of the Gothic Revival. Yale University Press, Yale. Carter, J. (1795). The Ancient Architecture of England. Sawsbury Press, Sawsbury. Crook, J.M. (1995). The Greek Revival: Neoclassical Attitudes in British Architecture 1760-1870. John Murray, London. Eastlake, C.L. (1970). A History of the Gothic Revival. Leicester University Press, Leicester. Ferguson, F.G. (1973). The Neo-Classical Architecture of James Wyatt. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts . Hamlin, T. (1946). Greek Revival Architecture in America. Open University Press, London. Montfaucon, B. (1719). Antiquity Explained and Represented in Diagrams. London. Pugin, A, P. (1821). Specimens of Gothic Architecture. Nattali Press, London. Pugin, P,A. (1836). Contrasts. Peter Cough Books, London. Pugin, P,A. (1844). The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architect ure. Berry Press, Burnside. Rickman, T. (1817). An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture. Threebells Press, Glasgow. Ruskin, J. (1849). The Seven Lamps of Architecture. Trent House Press, London. Ruskin, J. (1854). The Stones of Venice. Trent House Press, London. Stillman, D. (1998). English Neo-Classical Architecture Vol.1. W Zwemmer, London. Stuart, J. Revett, N.(1750). The Antiquities of Athens. Dasterfield Press, Bedford. Walpole, H. (2004). The Castle of Otranto. David Charles, Newton Abbott. Wiebenson, D. (1969). Sources of Greek Revival Architecture. A Zwemmer, London. Winckelman, J. (1765). Reflections on the Paintings and Sculptures of the Greeks. John Paul, Edinburgh. Wood, R. (1753). Ruins of Palmyra. Falstaff Press, Dublin.

Exemplary Leadership Essay - 3093 Words

Nicole Lomupo Examples of Exemplary Leadership I have not plagiarized on any aspect of this assignment. Introduction The Wall Street Journal is a national news source indispensible to corporate industries and business professionals. The publication discloses current information on economics, politics, industry leaders, and international relations. The articles and discussions printed in the Wall Street Journal present readers with an opportunity to gain sufficient expertise about management and leadership. Most importantly, one can depict how these roles are incorporated and utilized in competitive markets. This report is a representation of different leadership styles identified in Wall Street Journal (WSJ) articles discussing the†¦show more content†¦President Obama’s offer encourages positivity for some politicians while another health care incident does not fulfill the same actuality. 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Stakeholder In Relationships Organization -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Stakeholder In Relationships Organization? Answer: Introducation ATEED or Auckland tourism events and Economic developments is an institution dedicated to the growth and development of opportunities and prosperity of Auckland. It is a result of the amalgamation of 8 government councils of Auckland (Boies, Fiset Gill, 2015). The vision was to make Auckland as one of the most livable city. They help people who are dedicated towards this task, means the small and medium organizations and initiatives and the new works that attract business opportunities and job creations and encourages entrepreneurships and innovations , increases revenue through tourism and boost Aucklands identity and its position to stand out globally. It is a part of the family of councils and deals with the councils within the family and other government organizations and industrial agencies and the different non government sector like industrial clusters and the universities (Grgoire, Salle Tripp, 2015). Ateed always try to build a business environment that thrives on business opportunities and new thinking and people with a set of new and active though process and lots of collaborations. They try to make the business environment more business ready and the export ready and grow a new skilled workforce. It is dedicated for the development of a few particular sector like the Auckland plus that is the economic and the regional development, enterprising a certain part like Macau, the north shore and the Waitakere that is the local economics development, the movies and the filming part of Auckland that is the cultural sector and the regional film office, Auckland tourism that is the transportation system a bit and other facilities related to the tourism sector and maintaining the tourism plots or the visitor plots, I-Site visitor center like the basic tourist attraction spots (Gruber et al., 2015). These plots are basically responsible for the growth of Auckland can reshape the condition of the city, increase its economic collection and prosper it like never before. But as the current report says that the organization has failed to a great extend in all of its initiatives. The works are not being carried properly and the money and all the effort that has been engaged in the organization is just going in vain. The most important reason as being recognized for this failure is inefficiency of the company in uniting its workers. One of the major sources of success for any organization is its worker strength and that is being here due to improper maintenance of this sector. The organization needs to develop a whole new strategy to motivate its worker strength and an efficient way for this purpose is the communications strategy. The communication strategy can be said is the strategy of connecting with people with the help of commutation (). It deals with reaching the targeted people with the views and expressing the views properly. A communication strategy is like a map, the journey of an individual or an organization is the biggest picture of the organization aim. A study of the whole situation is being made here and communication strategy can be formulated in the below written way. The strategy The steps of the strategy along with the study of organization are being made here: Setting of goals: Setting the objective of the strategy is the most important task of strategy making. The goal of Ateed is to communicate with employees and making them work efficiently and making them work together. Encouraging and stimulating employees is their need (Snell, Morris Bohlander 2015). An important question here is what is the need of the goal or the goal is appropriate or not (Wirtz et al., 2016). According to the reports, this is the reason for failure of the organization. Employees are their only focus for the time period. Ways should be developed here for closing gaps between the current beliefs, actions and desired out comes. Targeted audience: The targeted audience should be calculated first based on the numbers and the peoples. They should be understood properly for understanding the ways of communicating more efficiently. The targeted audience here is employees of Ateed. They have to segmented properly so as to make the communication process more relevant and the targets can be achieved with an ease (Schnackenberg Tomlinson, 2016). Few questions have to be kept in mind and the answered are to be collected: What are the likes and the dislike and preferences of the employees? What are the interests of employees? What are the processes of their consuming information? What is the location of the employees like where does they stay. Who are considered by the employees as their leaders and what the contribution of the people in organizational processes are. Which is the most active group in the whole office? What are the types of messages that get most likes and most comments in the office environments? Obviously these points are related to the social media and in office bulletin boards and all the office local websites. Messages: The message transmission is the main motive of the communication process. The required messages are needed to be constructed with proper care (Roth, 2014). Objectives of the company need to be encoded in the messages and the aim of the company should be alienated with it. Starting can be made within the most important targeted audiences. The messages should be relevant and could be understood with an ease. There should be continuity in the whole messages. It is important that people should understand the message. There are two types of messages like direct messages and indirect messages: Direct messages: One that have to be conveyed directly to someone either by speaking it or by writing it through mails or letters or through any other source. For ATEED, the direct message will be to talk to the employees directly regarding the current situation of the company, to motivate them through some motivational speeches or conversations, to tell them about the future aspects of the institution, and how to reach a higher level of success. Indirect messages: Indirect messages means body languages, talking tone, behavior with the employees (Royle Laing, 2014). One should have a positive body language like paying complete attention while talking to the employees, should behave well with them while interacting and the talking tone should no sound friendly. Method: The method of communication strategy consists of various ways like: Verbal or oral communication: Verbal communication means transmission of messages orally or with the use of words. This is known as the most effective form of communication and can be conducted face-to-face or over phone calls or in group settings like in meetings. An advantage of these communication methods is that, one can observe reactions or the body languages of the opposite person which is a very helpful point for continuation of any conversation (Voinea et al., 2015). One can identity here whether the opposite person is liking the conversation or is getting offended with it. Commonly used methods of verbal communication in an office environment are like: Story telling: It is one of the most effective with an advantage of conducting a civil-engineering message to each and every individual who are listening (Moritz, Block Lutz, 2015). This type of communication process is being adopted in general meetings or at times when communications are made in group or in group conversations like meetings within a department or meetings within managers or sales meetings. They are helpful in conveying the aims and objectives of an institution and the ways or the road maps in which things are done in any organizations. Crucial conversations: This is a story telling category where conversations are done with more planning and with using key skills. These are more formal than daily conversations and are generally used in meeting or in presentation sessions (Mishra, Boynton Mishra, 2014). Crucial discussions are carried out through this ways in which a proper planning of the key matter are needed and where the risks are high, opinions may differ in a group of persons and the emotions and sentiments are high. Written communication method: This is an important media of communication and is used in abundance in work places. This include the traditional technique like the pen and paper technique like letter writing and written message conveying technique through the use of internet like emailing, texting, reports, electronic documents which are typed or anything else that can be conveyed through writing symbols in any day to day business communications (Testa et al., 2015). These are indispensable ways for any business communications and are used for the issue of any legal instructions. Most important examples of using written communication methods are press releases, contracts, business proposals, handbooks, brochures and others. Few criteria should be followed while writing like vocabulary, writing clarity, grammar and the style of writing (Matos Marques Simoes Esposito, 2014). This type of communication style is particularly suitable for situations where detailed instructions are to be placed or where the concerned person is not physically present in the moment (Lodhia, 2015). Ways of this communication method include Email: This is the most common tool for non verbal communication. This is usually the most used one and is inexpensive. Other methods of communication are Oral Communication; Face to face communication which can be conducted in Meetings, Non verbal method of communication which includes physical non verbal communication, paralanguage and visual communication Example of Communication Method: The given communication method is applied on a group of people as being selected in the office premise (Killian McManus, 2015). They are people from HR department and they consist of a group of 15 people. Setting of goals The goal of the application of verbal communication process is to make employees work more efficiently and further motivate them. Targeted audience The targeted audience here is a group of 15 people from HR department. They are HR executives. Messages Direct messages that needs to be conveyed are motivational messages, conveying the aims of the company and the required work process and work efficiency. Method Method for communication that has to be used here is verbal communication. The sessions will be held in the forms of meetings and group discussions. Frequency People frequency here is 15 in number. The sessions are carried out twice in every week. Cost The total cost required for this session is $1250. Frequency: Frequency of people considered here are 15 in number. The said communication method will be conducted in a frequency of twice a week (Huotari et al., 2015). People frequency has to be increased in the next week and total number of people involved will be 25 which can include people from departments other than HR department. This session count will be increased in the next week by 4 times a week. Cost: The required cost for this communication strategy can be summarized as:- ANTICIPATED SALES TOTAL $(000) 750 PERSONNEL (% OF TOTAL SALES) 15% Human Resources - Headcount 8 Human Resources - Cost 64.00 Quality Control 50.00 Training 25 Telemarketing Total $(000) 25.00 Human Resources - Headcount 0.75 Hosting 10 Support Maintenance 25 Internet Marketing Total $(000) 535.75 Direct Mail (% of Direct Sales) Human Resources - Cost Material 1000 Postage 250 Direct Mail Total $(000) 1,250.00 Fig 1: Cost for the communication strategy. Source: (Created by author) The total cost can be divided in three sections as shown in the table. The total cost is hence $1250. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the report that the communication strategy can be called as the most effective tool regarding taking all the employees together and make them work together. The exact problems can be addressed with care and can be handled here one by one. Message needs to be constructed with proper care since that is the framing structure of this strategy. They also needed to be spread carefully. The people concerned here have to remain careful regarding their behaviors and dealing with employees. If can be adopted with care, then this process will really be able to solve the problems of Ateed in no time. References Boies, K., Fiset, J., Gill, H. (2015). Communication and trust are key: Unlocking the relationship between leadership and team performance and creativity.The Leadership Quarterly,26(6), 1080-1094. Grgoire, Y., Salle, A., Tripp, T. M. (2015). Managing social media crises with your customers: The good, the bad, and the ugly.Business Horizons,58(2), 173-182. Gruber, M., De Leon, N., George, G., Thompson, P. (2015). Managing by design.Academy of Management Journal,58(1), 1-7. Huotari, L., Ulkuniemi, P., Saraniemi, S., Mlsk, M. (2015). Analysis of content creation in social media by B2B companies.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,30(6), 761-770. Killian, G., McManus, K. (2015). A marketing communications approach for the digital era: Managerial guidelines for social media integration.Business Horizons,58(5), 539-549. Lodhia, S. (2015). Exploring the transition to integrated reporting through a practice lens: an Australian customer owned bank perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,129(3), 585-598. Matos Marques Simoes, P., Esposito, M. (2014). Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), 324-341. Mishra, K., Boynton, L., Mishra, A. (2014). Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), 183-202. Moritz, A., Block, J., Lutz, E. (2015). Investor communication in equity-based crowdfunding: a qualitative-empirical study.Qualitative Research in Financial Markets,7(3), 309-342. Roth, S. (2014). The things that go without saying: on performative differences between business value communication and communication on business values.International Journal of Business Performance Management,15(3), 175-191. Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 65-73. Schnackenberg, A. K., Tomlinson, E. C. (2016). Organizational transparency: A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships.Journal of Management,42(7), 1784-1810. Snell, S. A., Morris, S., Bohlander, G. W. (2015).Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Testa, F., Iraldo, F., Vaccari, A., Ferrari, E. (2015). Why Eco?labels can be Effective Marketing Tools: Evidence from a Study on Italian Consumers.Business Strategy and the Environment,24(4), 252-265. Voinea, D. V., Busu, O. V., Opran, E. R., Vladutescu, S. (2015). Embarrassments in managerial communication.Polish Journal of Management Studies,11. Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., Gttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives.Long Range Planning,49(1), 36-54.

Let him have it and The Daily Mail Essay Example

Let him have it and The Daily Mail Paper In November 1952 a policeman was shot dead and another left wounded in what the Daily Mail called a gun battle when Christopher Craig and Derek Bentley broke into the Barlow and Parker warehouse in Croydon. I have looked at two media sources of information regarding this event. A newspaper article taken from the Daily Mail 3rd November 1952 and Peter Medaks film Let him have it! . Using these sources I intend to illustrate how they manipulate the audience and if they are biased types of media. The headline for the Daily Mails article regarding the events of the night 2nd November 1952, state that Gangsters with machine guns on roof kill detective, wound another. However only two people, Christopher Craig and Derek Bentley, were on the roof. Neither of them armed with a machine gun. The article consistently describes the pair as the raiders the bandits or the gangsters. This approach suggests that there were more than two people, although it never actually says how many. This is using hyperbole, a deliberate exaggeration in language for a more dramatic effect. Gangsters sounds more threatening and gives a more serious and dangerous impression of the situation. The article leads people to believe that the the gangsters were armed. Although Christopher Craig was carrying a gun, it wasnt a machine gun like the article states it was but a Firearm and Derek Bentley didnt carry a gun but a knuckle-duster which was unused. We will write a custom essay sample on Let him have it and The Daily Mail specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Let him have it and The Daily Mail specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Let him have it and The Daily Mail specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Craig began shooting randomly when he realised he was surrounded but only to scare off the police. What it evolved into wasnt a second battle of Sidney Street as the Daily Mail claims because Craig was the only one shooting, until a police officer fired three warning shots into the air. Leaving out bits of information such as how Craig jumped from the building after shooting the police officer stops people from feeling sorry for the bandits and making up excuses for them like saying that if he jumped he cant have meant it. By writing about the gangsters as if they were shooting at everyone and not just to scare the police away, the media have created an interesting story that people will want to read and find out how the case progresses and what verdict it will get in court, which is the effect that they would have anticipated. The opening paragraph that declares that the London crime wave reached a new peak the night of 2nd November 1952 is someones opinion presented as a fact, as is the shootings on the roof being associated with the Battle of Sidney Street. These are presented as facts so that people read them as facts and believe them, whatever their own individual opinion is. Opinions will be argued with because they are just someones point of view whereas facts are solid, believable piece of information, which reinforce the importance of a situation. The article has words that play on peoples emotions that intend to touch its readers hearts making them feel sadness towards the dead policemans family and the other officers involved but also to increase hatred and anger towards the gangsters. The policeman being shot dead is quite blunt and sounds harsher than if it had just been phased as shot. It shocks the reader more because the language isnt soft and kind but contains hatred which proposed for Craig and Bentley. The fact that a married man with two children with 12 years of service was killed should instantly make people feel angry that such a tragic incident left two children fatherless and lost a police force its loyal Detective Constable. After I read the article I thought that the boys deserved to be given heavy sentences which they would have both deserved. I felt sorry for the policemen who were there when their colleague got killed and for his family and also the policemen who was wounded. I felt angry towards both boys and hoped they wouldnt get away with it. I think this was the intended response, which was to help make the article more gripping and interesting to read. The article has manipulated me and it has shown bias because it doesnt give the boys side of the story and doesnt give a complete list of events, just the most shocking details. After watching the film I felt sorry for Derek Bentley for being with Christopher Craig on the night of 2nd November 1952, sorry for the Bentley family who had to put up with lots of distress, worry and anger that they must have felt when they heard Dereks sentence, although they believed it wasnt his fault. I wanted Derek to be found innocent and for Christopher Craig to be found the only guilty one. This was much different from my response when I first read the newspaper article which left me outraged at the situation and hoping that both the boys would get the worse punishment they could. I am going to explore how the film manipulated my response. The opening credits of Let him have it are introduced on a black background. The credits appear in simple white text. The white on black is probably a symbol of how serious the film is and is already indicating death. Gentle piano music is played softly in the background which gives a sinister atmosphere. Derek is first introduced breaking into a hut with two other boys, then seven years later he is reintroduced, as the main character, just coming out of a young offenders institute. He is branded as a petty criminal but his family argue that he isnt a real criminal. They believe him to be a victim of an illness that wasnt tolerated then. Derek is portrayed as shy and vulnerable and sympathy is already directed towards him. Even after coming out of the young offenders institute, Derek shuts himself in his room for ages indicating that he still feels trapped and imprisoned, he seems more comfortable developing relationships with animals than with people. He gets confused easily and is an easy target to be manipulated. One of the camera angles is directly above him, looking down which suggests that he is victim and his fate is already determined. The camera zooms in on Derek, showing a physiological shot of him thinking and absorbing things around him. This implies that he is receptive to what goes on and possibly that hes impressible to peoples actions and thoughts. There are a lot of close up shots showing the mental anguish hes feeling. Christopher Craig is first introduced standing against a lamp-post in a relaxed, arrogant manor. He appears to be very sure of himself. In the background bells start ringing which along with him being dressed in black signifies death. Christopher and Derek first meet, Christopher has lots of power over Derek and is very much in control of the situation. When he leaves the camera pans across the screen following the direction in which Christopher Craig left. This gives the impression that although Derek felt intimidated by Christopher, he was interested by where he came from and who he was. Christopher Craig is represented as coming from a bad background because his gang is under the American gangster influence, they dress like hoodlums and he is obsessed by guns. Craig seems to be on a course for self-destruction hes growing up in a community where theres a gun culture and the under privileged turn to crime. Craigs brother has already been caught up in crime and got a twelve year sentence for an armed robbery which he was involved. The friendship between Christopher and Derek is negative and one sided this is shown by the lack of enthusiasm between the two. Craig seems bored and only wants to use Derek because none of his gang wants to do the raid. Derek doesnt seem keen to be part of Craigs gang, hes just tags along to impress Stella, Craigs brothers girlfriend. When Craigs brother is put away Derek makes the effort to be friends but this time its Craig who doesnt want to know so Derek tries to fit in by stealing the butchers keys. Derek has unwittingly drifted into the wrong crowd. This is made significant by the obleak camera angles, the non-direct lighting, shadows on the wall and the dangerous music that plays while Derek is out with Craig, which are all quite threatening. The video uses impressionism and remission of American film Noir movies to the extent of the characters wearing hats and long coats. A lot of realism is involved with most of the filming taking places in streets, close areas and other real situations. Through out the film, his sister shows loyalty towards Derek and sticks up for him. Different levels are shown when people have more control over the situation and in one scene, Derek and his family are all shown shifting levels on the stairs, when Derek walks up them and is above everybody it shows him as being more powerful over the situation and the others are left standing around helplessly. Dereks illness makes him more vulnerable, he over hears his parents talk about him being a social outcast. Even when hes out with Craig he falls on glass which is indicating that hes a victim. Craig gives Derek a knuckle-duster to use on the roof on the night of the raid. When the police do get there, Derek gives himself up quite quickly. However he shouts Let him have it, shortly afterwards, Christopher Craig shoots a police officer, later this is used against him and said to be morally supporting Craig to shoot. When Craig fired the shot, the action changed to slow motion and the silence that followed was quite eerie. Everyone, including Christopher Craig looked shocked and scared. In the courtroom, the camera pans across the room showing the different people and a mixture of expressions and feelings that people are feeling. The camera looks down on Derek seeming to secure his fate as a victim. The judge and the jury all seem to already have their minds made up already and show no tolerance. The sentence hinges around Let him have it. Did it mean let him have the gun or a bullet from the gun? The judge insists that it was a bullet from the gun and that Derek was mentally supporting Craig at the time, which cant be proved. The judge was wearing white gloves and a black hat which again, like the beginning opening credits is symbolising death and the seriousness of the situation. When the jury have made their decision and both Derek and Christopher have been found guilty and told their sentences, Derek is walking down the steps and you hear the judges voice echoing, which is probably an indication of how Derek is hearing the voice in his head at the time. The lighting is dark and dark orange which is a symbol of how angry and upset Bentley is at Craig. The music is soft which represents Derek as being innocent. Derek and his family are supported across the country by people who believe that Derek is innocent. They receive letter of support from people and some people even make their own petitions. The Bentleys show a lot of distress when they go to see Derek, the worried looks and fear that they show is noticeable and slow motion and sad music is used in every scene between the family. At the sentence it is quite misty, I think this is quite appropriate for the day it is because some people have unclear feelings and people who know Derek Bentley well such as his family will be upset and the type of day adds to the mood. On the day of his death sentence, Bentleys family are shown silently sitting in their house with the camera panning across from them to the clock. This builds tension as the minutes count down to his death. The camera shot taken from the place of execution, leaves the scene and goes to Dereks house where we see the family still sitting there but showing their emotions. The camera looks down on the family like it did on Derek earlier, now the Bentleys are victims of social injustice. At the end of the film I placed the blame on Christopher Craig for initiating Derek to be part of the gang and encouraging him to d the raid, knowing that Bentley had the mental age of an eleven year old. I think I have been manipulated and that the film did show bias because every time we saw Christopher Craig it was implied that he was a bad influence, Craig wasnt given an opportunity to show that he was innocent or that he too was being misled, possibly by his brother or just by trying to keep up with his brother. Out of the two media forms I preferred the film because it was more interesting, providing more information about both the event and the boys, especially Derek. This made the actual incident more interesting because you could see what happened and because you have already got to know Derek you want to know what happened to him. Seeing him as a victim of the judges in the court is biased to how we feel when we see him get hanged which makes you feel angry towards Craig and upset that his family went through so much distress. The audience response in both media forms have been manipulated to create an interesting and informative news source. Both show biased by using emotive and formal language, they use the present tense and link phrases together. Both show bias towards the boys and in particular Christopher Craig. Portraying Derek as a victim in the film is biased and influences how we think, it makes us see him as innocent and misled. The newspaper article emphasises on the shooting of the police officer and makes out that the raid was made by gangsters. Neither media sources say what happened without using hyperbole, generalising information or leaving certain information out to produce the information source that they want to.