7 Chankras Essay Example for Free

7 Chankras Essay Chakra is a Sanskrit word meaning spinning wheel. Chakras are part of the subtle anatomy. The seven major chakras line up from the crown of the head to the base of the spine and connect to various endocrine glands. Each major chakra is directly associated with many aspects of the mind-body-spirit dynamic. When a specific chakra is closed, distorted, or congested, the perception of stress, disease, or illness may result (Seaward, 2012, p. 72.) Of the seven major subtle energy chakras, Western culture only recognizes the seventh chakra, known as the crown chakra. See more: Examples of satire in adventures of huckfinn essay The first chakra is known as the root chakra. It is found at the base of the spine. This chakra is associated with safety and security issues; it represents our foundation and feeling of being grounded (â€Å"The 7 Chakras for Beginners,† 2009.) Furthermore, the root chakra is connected energetically to some organs of the reproductive system, hip joints, lower back, and pelvic area. Some health issues that are believed to correspond with disturbances of the root chakra include lower-back pain, sciatica, rectal difficulties, and some cancers (Seaward, 2012, p. 73.) Some of the emotional issues tied to the root chakra include survival issues such as financial independence, money, and food (â€Å"The 7 Chakras for Beginners,† 2009.) This chakra is known as the seat of the Kundalini energy, a spiritually based concept that is yet to be understood in Western culture (Seaward, 2012, p. 73.) If the Western Culture were to accept the root chakra, it would promote a deep, person al relationship with Earth and nature. When one is rooted in life, they are filled with satisfaction, stability and inner strength (â€Å"The Human Chakra System,† 2009.) The second chakra, known as the sacral chakra, is associated with the sex organs, as well as personal power in terms of business and social relationships (Seaward, 2012, p. 74.) It describes our connection and ability to accept others and new experiences. It is located in the lower abdomen, about 2 inches below the navel and 2 inches in (â€Å"The 7 Chakras for Beginners,† 2009.) The sacral charka deals with emotional feelings that are associated with issues of sexuality, sense of abundance, pleasure, and self-worth. When self-worth is viewed through external means like money, job, or sexuality, this created an energy distortion in this region. Obsessiveness with material gain is believed to be a means to compensate for low self-worth, therefore, created a distortion to this chakra. Some of the symptoms associated with this chakra include menstrual difficulties, infertility, vaginal infections, ovarian cysts, impotency, lower-back pain, sexual dysfunction, slipped disks, and b ladder and urinary infections (Seaward, 2012, p. 74.) Accepting the sacral chakra would encourage people to more easily open themselves towards others, especially the opposite sex (â€Å"The Human Chakra System,† 2009.) The solar plexus chakra, located in the upper stomach region, is the third chakra. This chakra feeds into the organs of the gastrointestinal tract, including the abdomen, small intestine, colon, gallbladder, kidneys, liver, pancreas, adrenal glands, and spleen. This region is associated with self-confidence, self-respect, and empowerment (Seaward, 2012, p. 74.) It relates to our ability to be confident and in-control of our lives (â€Å"The 7 Chakras for Beginners,† 2009.) The solar plexus chakra is commonly known as a gut feeling – an intuitive sense closely connected to our level of personal power. Blockages to this chakra are thought to be related to ulcers, cancerous tumors, diabetes, hepatitis, anorexia, bulimia, and all stomach-related issues (Seaward, 2012, p. 74.) Should the Western Culture accept the solar plexus chakra, it would promote feelings of peace and inner harmony within one’s self and in life. It would allow people to accept themselves complete ly, and respect the feelings and character traits of others (â€Å"The Human Chakra System,† 2009.) The fourth chakra is known as the heart chakra. It is considered to be one of the most important energy centers of the body. The heart chakra refers to our ability to express love (Seaward, 2012, p. 74.) It is located in the center of the chest, just above the heart (â€Å"The 7 Chakras for Beginners,† 2009.) The heart is not the only organ closely tied to this chakra as the lungs, breasts, and esophagus are included. Symptoms of a blocked heart chakra include heart attacks, enlarged heart, asthma, allergies, lung cancer, bronchial difficulties, circulation problems, and problems associated with the upper back and shoulders. An important association exists between the heart chakra and the thymus gland. The thymus gland gets smaller with age and is believed to be a reflection of the state of the heart chakra (Seaward, 2012, p. 74.) The advantage those in the Western Culture would see from accepting the heart chakra involve warmth, sincerity and happiness. These energies open th e hearts of others, inspiring confidence and creating joy among them (â€Å"The Human Chakra System,† 2009.) The fifth charka is located and greatly connected to the throat. Organs associated with the throat chakra are the thyroid, parathyroid glands, mouth, vocal chords, and trachea. This chakra represents the development of personal expression, creativity, purpose in life, and willpower (Seaward, 2012, p. 74.) The inability to express oneself in feelings or creativity distorts the flow of energy to the throat chakra and is thought to result in chronic sore throat problems, throat and mouth cancers, stiffness in the neck area, thyroid dysfunction, migraines, and cancerous tumors in this region (Seaward, 2012, p. 75.) Upon acceptance of the throat chakra, individual feelings, thoughts and inner knowledge could be expressed freely and without fear. Individuals are not manipulated by other’s opinions and they are able to stay true to who they really are without fear (â€Å"The Human Chakra System,† 2009.) The sixth chakra, known as the brow or third eye, is located on the forehead, between the eye brows. It refers to our ability to focus on and see the big picture (â€Å"The 7 Chakras for Beginners,† 2009.) This chakra is associated with intuition and the ability to access the ageless wisdom or bank of knowledge in the depths of the universal consciousness. As energy moves through the dimension of universal wisdom into this chakra, it promotes the development of intelligence and reasoning skills. The sixth chakra is directly connected with the pituitary and pineal gland and feeds energy to the brain for information processing. The wisdom channeled through the brow chakra is more universal in nature with implications for the spiritual aspect of life. Diseases caused by dysfunction of the brow chakra include brain tumors, hemorrhages, blood clots, blindness, comas, depression, and schizophrenia. These types of diseases are believed to be caused by an individual’s inability to see something that is extremely important to their soul growth (Seaward, 2012, p. 75.) The biggest advantage to the acceptance of the third eye chakra is an increased ability of visualization and comprehension of things intuitively. In today’s society, too many people don’t trust their instincts (â€Å"The Human Chakra System,† 2009.) The seventh is the crown chakra. It is located at the very top of our head. It represents our ability to be fully connected spiritually (â€Å"The 7 Chakras for Beginners,† 2009.) The highest level of consciousness is reached when the crown chakra is fully open and functioning. Although no specific disease or illness may be associated the crown chakra, every disease has a spiritual significance (Seaward, 2012, p. 75.) Some of the emotional issues associated with this chakra include inner and outer beauty, our connection to spirituality, and pure bliss (â€Å"The 7 Chakras for Beginners,† 2009.) Western Culture is accepting only of this chakra. In fact, it is highly useful in acupuncture therapy. Resources MindBodyGreen. (2009, October 27). The 7 Chakras for Beginners: Healing, balancing, and opening your chakras with exercises, foods, colors. Retrieved January 10, 2013 from http://www.mindbodygreen.com/0-91/The-7-Chakras-for-Beginners.html Richards, R. (2009, September 20). The Human Chakra System. Retrieved January 10, 2013 from http://www.rickrichards.com/chakras/Chakras2.html Seward, B. L. (2012). Managing Stress: Principles and strategies for health and well-being. Burlington, MA: Jones Bartlett Learning

My Home :: Descriptive Essay Examples, narrative

My Home    Each year millions of dollars are spent on therapy because people want to re-live their childhood. These people discover late in life that childhood was the time period where the most meaningful parts of life were. Things from our past don't just fade away, they are part of us, and most people greatly miss them weather they know it or not. My most meaningful place is my parents' house because it is a symbol of reliving my childhood, indulging in good times, and just plain feeling at home.    Childhood is the time in life where personality traits are formed and memories haven't yet taken a sentimental feeling. Now that those times are gone, I remember running through the neighborhood with my friends and many other happy times where I knew I was having fun. The time my brother and I were playing hockey in my living room was fun. It was a friendly game, and we even had the cushions form the couch set up so nothing would get broken. Little did we know one stray puck would have us replacing drywall at 11:30 PM so our parents wouldn't see it, but, like everything else, we did it because it was enjoyment. My theory on life is, in order for something to be meaningful, you have to want it. I don't always want the irresponsible times of discovery that were my childhood back, but I do strive for the feelings I had toward life when I was there. Having a pleasant attitude all the time may not be possible this day in age, but I know it's a good feeling when you can. I can recall these memories at any time, but they are especially present when I am at my home. It's not just because most of these things took place while I was at home, but because I actually feel like I can do everything again while I am there. In this aspect, my parents' home is a giant playground of memories with every toy I can imagine.    I don't live far from this home. I've decided to make it a habit to visit every Sunday with the rest of my siblings that have moved on. I recall lots of fighting when we were children. We weren't dysfunctional or anything, but like most families, the children argued.

Discussion on the Civil Rights Movement

1. How were black people prevented from voting despite the provisions of the Fifteenth Amendment?The 15th amendment was intended to prohibit discrimination against voters on the basis of race or prior situations entailing servitude. Preceding the implementation of the amendment, each individual state had full authority to govern voter qualifications, and hence prohibited African Americans from voting. The primary objectives behind the 15th amendment were to establish Republican authority over the North and South, which would be accomplished with the votes of African Americans. The proposition passed in 1869, and was approved by the majority of states in 1870. In a sense, the amendment was both successful and ineffective. Despite the fact that African Americans had the freedom to vote, resistance from those who opposed the amendment was strong. Opposition fought in many ways from violent voter intimidation to the establishment of grandfather clauses and poll taxes. This discouragement puts Africans Americans desiring to vote at a disadvantage, and the intimidation often kept them out of the polling booths.2. Describe the process by which the separation between white and black Americans developed and was institutionalized throughout the South in the late 19th century.Following the thirteenth amendment which abolished slavery in the United States, discrimination on the basis of race became a common occurrence by means of the establishment of the Jim Crow laws. These laws required the severe segregation of individuals based on racial background. To be specific, the Jim Crow laws led to the segregation of the military, public schools, public transportation, restrooms and restaurants for Africans Americans and whites, and were enacted from 1876 to 1965.These were not to be confused with the Black Codes from 1800 to 1866, which limited the civil rights and liberties of African Americans. By 1954, segregated educational institutions sponsored by the state were deemed u nconstitutional. By 1968, segregation was deemed unconstitutional, and it was disbanded by 1970. Racial discrimination in schools, businesses, the military, and the government became unlawful. Furthermore, separate bathrooms, drinking fountains and schools have vanished altogether in part due to the civil rights movement.3. Assess the impact of President Roosevelt’s New Deal programs on African Americans and the role of African Americans in his administrations. Be sure to comment on positive and negative impacts on African Americans.Roosevelt’s New Deal has three primary objectives. The first was to aid the millions of Americans in financial suffering. The second was to boost the economy, and the third was to pass new laws in order to reduce the number of poor. The New Deal was also known as the three R’s: relief, recovery and reform. Many relief measures were established in a great effort to provide jobs to thousands of men, as well as agencies that gave money to the states to assist the very poor. Two laws were also implemented in an attempt to aid economic recovery. The first founded the National Recovery Administration, which would bring together businesses, employees, and the government in an effort to control competition amid businesses and protect workers seeking to organize unions. This particular goal, however, proved to be unsuccessful, as it favored only large businesses, most of which failed to follow the codes.4. Of the many African-American heroes and heroines in the 1940s and 1950s, which of them had the greatest impact on American society and why?In my personal belief, Martin Luther King Jr. (1929-1968) had the greatest impact on American Society. From 1957 to 1968, King traveled more than six million miles and spoke more than twenty five hundred times wherever he felt there existed injustice, riots and activity. King was the author of five books, and published several articles. â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† w as one particular work which caught the attention of many across the globe.He directed many â€Å"peaceful† protests (marches), one of which brought 250,000 people to Washington D.C. where he gave his infamous speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream†. King was arrested more than twenty times, but was nevertheless awarded five honorary degrees and named Man of the Year by Time magazine in 1963. At the mere age of 35, King was the youngest man to ever receive a Nobel Peace Prize. Assassinated in 1968, King will always remain a leader among African Americans for his relentless efforts in fighting for the civil rights and liberties of blacks in his time.5. What role did â€Å"ordinary† or local people play in the civil rights movement? How did children contribute to the overall struggle for social change?Many children contributed to the struggle for equality among blacks and whites in America. For instance, students participated in a sit-in on February 1st of 1960. The inciden t took place at Woolworth’s store in Greensboro, North Carolina, where four students (originally from an all-black college) sat at the segregated lunch counter to protest the policy of excluding blacks. The sit-in inspired many more of its kind throughout various other states such as Georgia and Tennessee. Furthermore, many â€Å"ordinary† locals played a role in the civil rights movement.Freedom rides in 1961 for example were a means of protesting the segregation on interstate buses in the south. Eventually, these activists succeeded at ending segregation for passengers participating in inter-sate travel. Black voter registration organizing was another means by which local citizens could participate in the civil rights movement. This involved an organization that would assist black voters with registering, and to build organizations within the community. Clearly, without the participation from locals, these plans would have never been successful.6. Why do to white Ame ricans tend to live longer than black Americans? How has the black community dealt with the problems of AIDs/HIV?The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention discovered that 48% of African American women and 39% of African American men in the United States were infected with genital herpes in comparison with the general U.S. figures of 21% and 11.5%.The AIDS epidemic has spread swiftly amid the African American population. By 1988, half of all AIDS cases identified in females in the United States were of African Americans.One of the first groups to assist in gaining awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African Americans was the group, BWMT (Black and White Men Together), a gay community group based in San Francisco. The group also gave rise to America’s first black AIDS organization, the National Task Force on AIDS Prevention. There are many social and economic factors that have led to higher levels of sexual HIV transmission amid African Americans. Higher levels of ST Ds among blacks for instance, ease sexual transmission of HIV.

The United States And The Civil War Essay - 1897 Words

History 1376- Paper Assignment #3 The United States has had a multitude of conflicts throughout all it’s years as a country. One of the preeminent conflicts that the United States had to face was the Civil War. Also known as â€Å"The War Between the States,† because it was a war fought between the United States and Confederate States in 1865 over the conservation of the institution of slavery. The Civil War has made abiding effects on the United States today by reuniting two unions, ending the institution of slavery and helping to establish the country that we know today. The four most significant events that led to the Civil War was the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott decision, and Abraham Lincoln’s election. The first event that prompted the Civil war was the Compromise of 1850. In 1846 the United States and Mexico were at war, because the United States wanted to annex Texas and expropriate other Mexican territories. After two years, in 1848 the war concluded and th e treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed. The treaty redrew the lines of territory, which gave the United States a third of Mexican land. Americans started moving into these lands hoping to turn the them into states. In the 1849 California had a large enough population and was qualified to apply for statehood. California wanted to enter as a free state, but the Southerners deplored it because it would mess up the balance of pro and anti slavery senates in Congress, on the other handShow MoreRelatedThe Civil War : The United States1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War divided the United States with its’ origin in the struggle to preserve the Union from the Confederacy’s succession. A war to maintain the United States quickly progressed to battles fought because of the controversial beliefs on slavery in the North and South. In the coming of the Civil War there were questions and confusion that many Americans were faced with in the words of the South’s successi on. During the war, families were torn due to the men lost to the Union or Confederate causesRead MoreThe United States Civil War918 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States civil war is thought of as what determined what kind of country we would be today. The U.S. civil war, otherwise known as the war of the states, began on April 12, 1861, and lasted until 1865. It consisted of the North (the Union) or the â€Å"free states†, against the South (the confederates) the slave states. When Abraham Lincoln became president in 1860 he made promises of free territories, which caused a division between men who owned slaves and men who agreed with Lincoln. SlavesRead MoreUnited States And The Civil War1668 Words   |  7 PagesUS Civil War United States of America was formed as a result of the revolution that continued from 1776 to 1783. After that, United States was divided into two wings/ parts that are the southern and the northern parts. Then conflict between the two aroused because the northern and the southern societies were totally different of each other in terms of economic structure, social class, politics and other social matters especially slavery. The civil war, that started in 1861 and ended in 1865, wasRead MoreThe Civil War : The United States909 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was one of the most pivotal and significant moments in the history of the United States of America. Therefore, its impact of the Civil War was tremendous, and in many ways has shaped the way the United States has evolved into the present. The Civil War brought lots of beneficial changes to America including economic, agriculture, military, and people’s lives. During the Civil War, women stepped out of their domestic do mains to help or support their husbands in the field, or other soldiersRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1605 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War of the United States was a major and influential event in the history of our country. The Civil War shaped our nation and how we think of liberty in general. Such a big event in our antiquity must have been caused by a series of dominant events. However, a War of this size has many effects to go along with it. The most common effect thought of is the freedom of slaves, however, the Civil War was not just a war fought for freedom. One major cause of the Civil War was the issue of slaveryRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1561 Words   |  7 PagesCivil War Slaves Freedom can be defined as, â€Å"the power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants without hindrance or restraint†. (Definition) Everyone in the United States of America is entitled to this basic human right, presented to us by our founding fathers, though it was not always that simple. Even though it was in the Constitution, many people living before the mid 18th century in the United States were not extended this right, due to their nationality or lack of fortune. Someone lackingRead MoreThe United States And The Civil War920 Words   |  4 Pagesknown in the United States as simply the Civil War as well as other sectional names, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. Among the 34 states in January 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often simply called the South, grew t o include eleven states, and although they claimed thirteen states and additionalRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1233 Words   |  5 Pages â€Å"Blundering Generation† Division among a population for opposing goals wasn t a new concept brought to light by the Civil War. Almost one hundred years prior to the Civil War, inhabitants of the thirteen colonies fought against each other towards their differing support for their wages of unity. Patriots fought Loyalists for coalition of the colonies, and likewise Northerners now fought Southerners for the preservation of the Union. The imminent breakup of the Union, likewise to the dissolutionRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1440 Words   |  6 Pages The Civil War was one of the most deadly wars the United States ever fought it was fought between the North and South and to this day still leaves a big mark on the history of the United States. Though the Civil War seemed to be clear cut on what happened during the conflict its cause is to this day seemingly undecided. Was it the simple piece of legislature called the Kansas-Nebraska act that started it or the election of the United States president Abraham Lincoln that caused the turmoil? EitherRead MoreThe Civil War Of The United States1082 Words   |  5 Pagesof the United States was the Civil War. The Civil War is often remembered as the war to end slavery. While that did play a part of the Civil War the larger issue at hand was the annihilation of the United States of America. The Confederate States of America wanted to break away from the United States and form their own country. The Confederate States of America, or more commonly known as the Confederacy, was formed by seven slave states located in the southern region of the United States. The economy

Conflict Between Greek and Gothic Revival - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3089 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Architecture Essay Tags: Conflict Essay Did you like this example? The Greek Revival and the Gothic Revival are terms that carry specific meanings in relation to the history of architecture. What did they represent at the time and what was the nature of the conflict between the respective adherents? The Gothic Revival represented chiefly two things: firstly, in its earlier form, it was a Romantic celebration in stone of the spirit and atmosphere of the Middle Ages; secondly, in its later and more serious form, the Gothic Revival reflected the architectural and philosophical conviction of its exponents that the moral vigour of the Middle Ages was reflected in its Gothic architecture, and that the reintroduction of this Gothic style of architecture to eighteenth-century society could re-invigorate it morally. Neo-Gothic architecture in its earlier forms, typified by buildings such as Horace Walpoles Strawberry Hill, was characterized by a highly ornamental, decadent, visually powerful and intricate style; and, what is more, a style that cared little for functionalism or strict adherence to specific structures. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conflict Between Greek and Gothic Revival" essay for you Create order By these characteristics Neo-Gothic architecture encapsulated the Romantic literary and poetic spirit of the age, as had been evinced in the works of men like Horace Walpole, Alfred Tennyson and Sir Walter Scott. In this sense, the Neo-Gothic was a nostalgic and sentimental backward glance. In a different sense the Gothic Revival represented the attempt of certain architects and churchmen to transfer the liturgical vigour of Gothic churches of the Middle Ages to the eighteenth century by capturing it in stone. Thus men like Augustus Pugin and John Ruskin came to argue that the Gothic Revival represented a standard of moral excellence that was to be practised and imitated as widely as possible. The Greek Revival grew out of the neoclassicism movement, and represented in essence an attempt by its adherents to find in the architecture of antiquity a form of architecture that corresponded to the principles of reason and order emerging from their own Age of Reason and Enlightenmen t. Neoclassicism, and the Greek Revival in particular, represented a pursuit for architectural and intellectual truth. An architect could perceive in the forms of antiquity principles of excellent reasoning and intelligence that prevailed in the rationalistic spirit of his own age, and by reinvigorating the ancient style the neoclassical architect could build buildings that were inspired by and inspired in others principles of reason and rationality. Neoclassicism and the Greek Revival conflicted with the Gothic Revival because they perceived the moral truths claimed by the Gothic revivalists as chiefly illusory and false. The Gothic Revival was, in the neo-classicists eyes, a decadent celebration of style over substance that elevated illusion and ornament above reason and truth. Neo-Gothic architects were seemingly content to produce endless copies and weak imitations of Gothic style merely to please frivolous aristocrats; neo-classicists however believed that their architec ture was a creative act that gave birth to constantly new adaptations of the classical model. Neo-Gothic architects in turn conflicted with neoclassicism because it was cold and devoid of emotion, feeling or moral purpose; its elite attitude rendered any collaboration between the two styles most difficult. Art historians divide the Gothic Revival into two stages, and each of these stages came to represent quite different ideas. The first stage of the Gothic revival was characterized a raw and naive imitation of Gothic architecture that lacked either an architectural philosophy or a coherent system of organization. The first building of this early type was Lord Horace Walpoles villa Strawberry Hill which was built in 1747; another prominent early specimen was Fonthill Abbey designed and built by James Wyatt. Both of these buildings, in the spirit of Walpoles atmospheric novel Castle of Otranto (Walpole, 2004), were attempts to preserve in stone the Romantic atmosphere of the Middle Ages; both also demonstrated perhaps more clearly than any other buildings of this time the impracticality and lack of structure of much Neo-Gothic building. This first flourishing of Neo-Gothic architecture was extended into the public sphere also: for instance in the new Houses of Parliament designed and built by Sir Charles Barry and A.W. Pugin. In America too, this nascent Neo-Gothic style was reflected in buildings such as Richard Upjohns Trinity Church built in New York in 1840 and Renwicks St. Patricks Cathedral also built in New York. The picturesque quality and organization of many of these buildings led to applause for its Romantic splendour, but also much criticism for its lack of substance and for its unfaithful imitation of the original Gothic form. If the first stage of the Gothic Revival lacked diligent observation and restoration of Gothic architecture or philosophical principles, then serious efforts were made at the turn of the century to ground the movement more securely upon such principles. The late period of Neo-Gothic is thus characterized by a stricter adherence to medieval architectural form and to a philosophical interpretation that viewed Gothic architecture as a paragon of moral virtue and excellence. In England two men were of foremost importance in the development of this second stage: A. Pugin and J. Ruskin. (In France, Eugene-Emmanuel Viollet-le-Due played an equally important role). By this time, architects were no longer content to merely imitate Gothic forms and designs, but sought to create original works founded upon the principles of the original Gothic architecture and which fitted to the particular circumstances of nineteenth-century society. Thus at the turn of the nineteenth-century it is possible to observe a clear evolution in the form of the Gothic Revival away from the loose sentimentality and picturesque quality of the early period and towards a style of dominated by precise architectural limitation of Gothic form as made possible by detailed and comprehensive investigations into this style. One such early investigation was John Carters The Ancient Architecture of England (Carter, 1795) which was the first work that recorded with extensive detail and exactitude the Gothic style of medieval buildings; Thomas Rickmans An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture (Rickman, 1817) gave an extensive account of the varieties of Gothic styles, whilst Pugins Specimens of Gothic Architecture (Pugin,1821) deepened and extended the range and accuracy of these initial investigations. Nonetheless, despite the great advances that had been made in the scholarship of the Gothic Revival, the actual building of Gothic buildings remained for some time in the earlier ornamental style that characterized the first period of the movement famous examples being Windsor Castle which was restored in 1824 by Sir Jeffrey Wyatville, and Kings College Cambridge in 1827to 18 31. The greatest use of the Neo-Gothic style at this time was however for church buildings the style being cheaper and easier to construct than neoclassical designs. For all the diligent and pain-staking work of the Gothic Revival scholars to come to life in actual buildings it took the skill and vision of one particular man. This man was Augustus Charles Pugin: he presented the argument that Neo-Gothic architectural style was the most fitting emblem of the spirit of the Catholic Church and so was also therefore the only permissible architectural form to express the work of Godin his Church. In Contrasts (1836) Pugin argued that architectural form imitates the condition of the society that creates it; since the society of medieval times was a paragon of virtue and moral integrity then it was natural and obvious that Gothic architecture is the most moral form of architecture. Thus in The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architecture (1841) Pugin was able to set down co mprehensive and coherent principles for the justification of the Gothic Revival. In a major step away from the earlier decadence or the style, Pugin argued that all features and designs of a church must be essential for its correct functioning and structural shape; architecture form must be clean and purposeful since these are also the qualities that we expect of our moral condition. Pugin put this architectural philosophy into practice most assiduously in the years 1837 to 1844: in St Marys Church in Derby, in St. Wilfreds Church in Manchester and in St. Oswalds Church in Liverpool and many other church buildings. Pugins work quickly became an inspiration for Anglican Church reformers such as the Tractarians in Oxford who used his architectural church style as an ideal form by which to carry out their own agenda of church building restoration. It should be noted here that Pugins work as well as that of many other architects across Britain and Europe was profoundly influenc ed by the ideas of John Ruskin and his two seminal works The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849) and The Stones of Venice (Ruskin,1854). Ruskins ideas were inspired by the architectural forms that he had seen in Italy and particularly in Venice; Ruskin thus argued that Gothic was the supreme form of architecture due to the sacrifice made by stonemasons in detailing every stone of a building. Ruskin thus exalted Doges Palace as the central building in the world (Ruskin, 1854) arguing that Pugins programme of Gothic Revival in churches should be extended to government buildings also. Moreover, Ruskin himself by his teachings extended the Gothic Revival further by promoting a polychromatic style of work inspired by Italian Gothic architecture. This work in turn inspired buildings such as Butterfields All Saints Church, Keble College in Oxford and Rugby School. In short, by the end of the eighteenth century the Gothic Revival had been transformed from what began as a Romantical ly inspired fondness for majestic ornamentalism, into a style of architecture grounded upon powerful moral and philosophical principles as well as an intricate and comprehensive awareness of Gothic form. The Greek Revival, a growth out of the neoclassicism movement, flourished in the years 1750-1830, and was in many ways the antithesis of the Neo-Gothic form of architecture with which it was contemporaneous. As we have seen, whatever its later manifestations, the Gothic Revival had been a product of Romanticism and of the passions and emotions; the Greek Revival, in complete contrast, exalted reason, the intellect and rationality above all else. Neoclassicism sought as its highest aim to realize architectural and intellectual purity and truth in stark contrast to what it perceived to be the ornamentalism and illusory truth of the Neo-Gothic style. Neo-classicism was founded upon a corpus of work that had in antiquity achieved canonical status, that is, it was based upon t he observation of classic art and classic form. In the words of Crook (1995) Ideally à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" and neoclassicism is essentially an art of the ideal an artist, well-schooled and comfortably familiar with the canon, does not repeat in a lifeless reproductions, but synthesizes the tradition anew in each work . In other words, neoclassicism of which the Greek Revival was to become the most refined example sought the highest possible levels of artistic achievement; the neo-classicist style existed only to reinterpret for contemporary circumstances the great work and principles that had already been achieved in the past. Thus, in Crooks words (1995), Neoclassicism exhibits perfect control of an idiom (Crook,1995); that is perfection already achieved, the architects task is to fit that perfection of antiquity in a modern cast. All of these above points are significant for understanding the opposition of architects of the Greek Revival against the Gothic Revival. For , in the beginning, much of Neo-Gothic architecture consisted of little more than crude and naive imitations of far superior original Gothic works. Thus in such imitation work there was no creativity and no continuation of the development of an existing idiom. Thus Neo-Gothic form was viewed by Greek revivalists as superfluous and as inferior to their own architectural pursuits. The emergence of the Greek Revival was made possible by an astonishing efflorescence of archaeological exploration into the sites and cultures of classical Rome and Greece around the middle of the eighteenth century. The discoveries of the archaeologists inspired and sustained the Greek revival. In 1719 Bernard de Montfaucons released his giant ten-volume opus Antiquity Explained and Represented in Diagrams (Montfaucon, 1719). This book was hugely popular and intrigued the imaginations hundreds and thousands of European tourists who began to flock to the sites of ancient Rome and Greece. Furthermore , the sensational excavations of cities like Pompeii and Herculaneum in 1748 and 1738 further fuelled the imaginations of architects, archaeologists, novelists and many others. Many other works on classical art and architecture such as Giovanni PiranesisPrima Parte di Architecttura, Robert Woods Ruins of Palmyra (1753) and Robert Adams Ruins of the Temple of the Emperor Diocletian (Adams, 1764)were soon published and led to still further thousands going on adventures to the Continent. This general interest in classical antiquity quickly transformed in the eighteenth century into a burst of fascination with Greek antiquities in particular and displayed a conviction as to the superiority of Greek above Roman architecture. The discovery of the sixth-century ruins of Paestrum received much publicity and was recorded by Italian artist Domenico Antonini and French architect Jacques-Germain Soufflot; soon afterwards Pancrazi published his seminal Antichita Siciliane and Dumont rele ased his Ruins de Paestrum. Deeper investigation into the Greek mainland territory led James Stuart and Nicholas Revett to publish The Antiquities of Athens (Stuart Revett, 1750) which was highly influential upon architects in England. Whilst it took some time for this appreciation of Greek form to be turned into actual imitative buildings nonetheless the superiority of Greek to Roman architecture had been established by the time of Johan Winckelmanns Reflections on the Painting and Sculpture of the Greeks in 1765. Thus architects of the Greek Revival sought to infer from these classical forms principles of order and reason that corresponded to those being discovered in their own age of Enlightenment; neoclassical architects argued that if their own buildings came to embody these principles then society at large would be edified by the experience. Nonetheless, the Greek Revival, like Neoclassicism generally, contained an inherent paradox. Its longing backward-stare to the times of antiquity was inspired by as much by an emotional fondness for antiquity (supposedly the characteristic of the Romantic Gothic Revival) as a predilection for principles of pure reason and rationality. Thus some twentieth century arthistorians have come to speak of this aspect of the Greek Revival as Romantic Classicism (Stillman, 1998). After 1800, in England, the internal dynamics of Neoclassicism directed the movement away from Roman architecture and toward that of ancient Greece as such, a huge number of buildings were built in these years according to the architectural principles of ancient Greece. Sir John Soane, the architect of the Bank of England, developed a highly influential architectural style that involved promoting the linear abstraction of classical Greek forms and, by using extensive archaeological evidence to inform the designs of patterns, he achieved a spectacular dramatization of the interior spaces of his buildings a style reminiscent of Etie nne-Louis Boullee and Claude-Nicholas Ledoux on the continent. A prominent example of this new style in England was Downing College, Cambridge, modelled upon the Erechtheum from the Acropolis in Athens. The Covent Garden Theatre in London, built by Sir Robert Smirke, was the first Doric style building in the capital; the planning of Regent Street as well as Regent Street Park by John Nash reflected the use of classical Greek styles of city planning and organization. So too the British Museum in London built in 1847 is perhaps the most prominent example of ionic Greek imitation in Britain. In Edinburgh named admiringly the Athens of the North by locals at the time the Greek Revival was extremely influential in the eighteenth century, as shown in buildings such as the Royal High School and the Royal Scottish Academy. The dominance of Greek neoclassical architecture would dominate the British landscape until the advent of Modernism in the twentieth century. In the final anal ysis, even if it is paradoxical to say so in light of the sustained conflict that existed between them, both the Gothic Revival and Greek Revival had similar goals, and used similar means to attain those goals. The Gothic Revival began life as a celebration of the spirit and forms of a time other than its own: the Middle Ages. So too, the Greek Revival was engendered by a renascent fascination with classical archaeology and the Greek Revivals preoccupation was with the ideals and forms of ancient Greece somewhere even more removed than Medieval Europe! The Greek Revival ultimately represented an attempt to renew and reinvigorate the classical Greek belief in the purity and perfection of architectural form and its corresponding revelation of truth. It was thus no coincidence that the spirit of the neoclassical age was also dominated by the Enlightenment and the Age of Reason. The Greek Revival thus cast the ancient principles of classical Greece in the mould of eighteenth cent ury rationality; the aim here, like with the later Gothic Revival, being to produce a form of architecture that would edify society. The bitter conflict between the Gothic Revival and the Greek Revival can be explained simply by the fact that each were prepossessed by attitudes quite contrary to the other: one exalting reason and order, the other passion and emotion. Both revivals were each consumed in the whirlwind of their own zeitgeist and only with retrospect and the other advantages of history is it possible show the equal validity of their separate truths. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adam, R. (1764). Ruins of the Temple of the Emperor Diocletian. Graham Henry, London. Atterbury, P. (1996). A.W.N. Pugin: Master of the Gothic Revival. Yale University Press, Yale. Carter, J. (1795). The Ancient Architecture of England. Sawsbury Press, Sawsbury. Crook, J.M. (1995). The Greek Revival: Neoclassical Attitudes in British Architecture 1760-1870. John Murray, London. Eastlake, C.L. (1970). A History of the Gothic Revival. Leicester University Press, Leicester. Ferguson, F.G. (1973). The Neo-Classical Architecture of James Wyatt. Harvard University Press, Massachusetts . Hamlin, T. (1946). Greek Revival Architecture in America. Open University Press, London. Montfaucon, B. (1719). Antiquity Explained and Represented in Diagrams. London. Pugin, A, P. (1821). Specimens of Gothic Architecture. Nattali Press, London. Pugin, P,A. (1836). Contrasts. Peter Cough Books, London. Pugin, P,A. (1844). The True Principles of Pointed or Christian Architect ure. Berry Press, Burnside. Rickman, T. (1817). An Attempt to Discriminate the Styles of English Architecture. Threebells Press, Glasgow. Ruskin, J. (1849). The Seven Lamps of Architecture. Trent House Press, London. Ruskin, J. (1854). The Stones of Venice. Trent House Press, London. Stillman, D. (1998). English Neo-Classical Architecture Vol.1. W Zwemmer, London. Stuart, J. Revett, N.(1750). The Antiquities of Athens. Dasterfield Press, Bedford. Walpole, H. (2004). The Castle of Otranto. David Charles, Newton Abbott. Wiebenson, D. (1969). Sources of Greek Revival Architecture. A Zwemmer, London. Winckelman, J. (1765). Reflections on the Paintings and Sculptures of the Greeks. John Paul, Edinburgh. Wood, R. (1753). Ruins of Palmyra. Falstaff Press, Dublin.

Exemplary Leadership Essay - 3093 Words

Nicole Lomupo Examples of Exemplary Leadership I have not plagiarized on any aspect of this assignment. Introduction The Wall Street Journal is a national news source indispensible to corporate industries and business professionals. The publication discloses current information on economics, politics, industry leaders, and international relations. The articles and discussions printed in the Wall Street Journal present readers with an opportunity to gain sufficient expertise about management and leadership. Most importantly, one can depict how these roles are incorporated and utilized in competitive markets. This report is a representation of different leadership styles identified in Wall Street Journal (WSJ) articles discussing the†¦show more content†¦President Obama’s offer encourages positivity for some politicians while another health care incident does not fulfill the same actuality. A perfect example of negative Free-Reign Leadership was made available to the public when the WSJ released Friday’s issue on February 18, 2011. Medicare-Fraud Crackdown Corrals 114, written by Mark Schoofs, Maurice Tamman, and Brent Kendall, details what may be considered, the largest Medicare fraud account in U.S. history. The authors uncover the alleged schemes that took place in nine cities with 114 suspects penalized on charges. The cases involved numerous incidents where providers were working alone or with a few correspondents and an immense lack of supervision was present. Nobody was monitoring the services being billed or the amount charged. Many of the providers billed the insurance company for services that never occurred (Schoofs, Tamman, and Kendall, 2/28/11, p. A3, U.S. News). Free-Reign Leadership involves trusting individuals enough to allow them to perform tasks unmonitored. 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Stakeholder In Relationships Organization -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Stakeholder In Relationships Organization? Answer: Introducation ATEED or Auckland tourism events and Economic developments is an institution dedicated to the growth and development of opportunities and prosperity of Auckland. It is a result of the amalgamation of 8 government councils of Auckland (Boies, Fiset Gill, 2015). The vision was to make Auckland as one of the most livable city. They help people who are dedicated towards this task, means the small and medium organizations and initiatives and the new works that attract business opportunities and job creations and encourages entrepreneurships and innovations , increases revenue through tourism and boost Aucklands identity and its position to stand out globally. It is a part of the family of councils and deals with the councils within the family and other government organizations and industrial agencies and the different non government sector like industrial clusters and the universities (Grgoire, Salle Tripp, 2015). Ateed always try to build a business environment that thrives on business opportunities and new thinking and people with a set of new and active though process and lots of collaborations. They try to make the business environment more business ready and the export ready and grow a new skilled workforce. It is dedicated for the development of a few particular sector like the Auckland plus that is the economic and the regional development, enterprising a certain part like Macau, the north shore and the Waitakere that is the local economics development, the movies and the filming part of Auckland that is the cultural sector and the regional film office, Auckland tourism that is the transportation system a bit and other facilities related to the tourism sector and maintaining the tourism plots or the visitor plots, I-Site visitor center like the basic tourist attraction spots (Gruber et al., 2015). These plots are basically responsible for the growth of Auckland can reshape the condition of the city, increase its economic collection and prosper it like never before. But as the current report says that the organization has failed to a great extend in all of its initiatives. The works are not being carried properly and the money and all the effort that has been engaged in the organization is just going in vain. The most important reason as being recognized for this failure is inefficiency of the company in uniting its workers. One of the major sources of success for any organization is its worker strength and that is being here due to improper maintenance of this sector. The organization needs to develop a whole new strategy to motivate its worker strength and an efficient way for this purpose is the communications strategy. The communication strategy can be said is the strategy of connecting with people with the help of commutation (). It deals with reaching the targeted people with the views and expressing the views properly. A communication strategy is like a map, the journey of an individual or an organization is the biggest picture of the organization aim. A study of the whole situation is being made here and communication strategy can be formulated in the below written way. The strategy The steps of the strategy along with the study of organization are being made here: Setting of goals: Setting the objective of the strategy is the most important task of strategy making. The goal of Ateed is to communicate with employees and making them work efficiently and making them work together. Encouraging and stimulating employees is their need (Snell, Morris Bohlander 2015). An important question here is what is the need of the goal or the goal is appropriate or not (Wirtz et al., 2016). According to the reports, this is the reason for failure of the organization. Employees are their only focus for the time period. Ways should be developed here for closing gaps between the current beliefs, actions and desired out comes. Targeted audience: The targeted audience should be calculated first based on the numbers and the peoples. They should be understood properly for understanding the ways of communicating more efficiently. The targeted audience here is employees of Ateed. They have to segmented properly so as to make the communication process more relevant and the targets can be achieved with an ease (Schnackenberg Tomlinson, 2016). Few questions have to be kept in mind and the answered are to be collected: What are the likes and the dislike and preferences of the employees? What are the interests of employees? What are the processes of their consuming information? What is the location of the employees like where does they stay. Who are considered by the employees as their leaders and what the contribution of the people in organizational processes are. Which is the most active group in the whole office? What are the types of messages that get most likes and most comments in the office environments? Obviously these points are related to the social media and in office bulletin boards and all the office local websites. Messages: The message transmission is the main motive of the communication process. The required messages are needed to be constructed with proper care (Roth, 2014). Objectives of the company need to be encoded in the messages and the aim of the company should be alienated with it. Starting can be made within the most important targeted audiences. The messages should be relevant and could be understood with an ease. There should be continuity in the whole messages. It is important that people should understand the message. There are two types of messages like direct messages and indirect messages: Direct messages: One that have to be conveyed directly to someone either by speaking it or by writing it through mails or letters or through any other source. For ATEED, the direct message will be to talk to the employees directly regarding the current situation of the company, to motivate them through some motivational speeches or conversations, to tell them about the future aspects of the institution, and how to reach a higher level of success. Indirect messages: Indirect messages means body languages, talking tone, behavior with the employees (Royle Laing, 2014). One should have a positive body language like paying complete attention while talking to the employees, should behave well with them while interacting and the talking tone should no sound friendly. Method: The method of communication strategy consists of various ways like: Verbal or oral communication: Verbal communication means transmission of messages orally or with the use of words. This is known as the most effective form of communication and can be conducted face-to-face or over phone calls or in group settings like in meetings. An advantage of these communication methods is that, one can observe reactions or the body languages of the opposite person which is a very helpful point for continuation of any conversation (Voinea et al., 2015). One can identity here whether the opposite person is liking the conversation or is getting offended with it. Commonly used methods of verbal communication in an office environment are like: Story telling: It is one of the most effective with an advantage of conducting a civil-engineering message to each and every individual who are listening (Moritz, Block Lutz, 2015). This type of communication process is being adopted in general meetings or at times when communications are made in group or in group conversations like meetings within a department or meetings within managers or sales meetings. They are helpful in conveying the aims and objectives of an institution and the ways or the road maps in which things are done in any organizations. Crucial conversations: This is a story telling category where conversations are done with more planning and with using key skills. These are more formal than daily conversations and are generally used in meeting or in presentation sessions (Mishra, Boynton Mishra, 2014). Crucial discussions are carried out through this ways in which a proper planning of the key matter are needed and where the risks are high, opinions may differ in a group of persons and the emotions and sentiments are high. Written communication method: This is an important media of communication and is used in abundance in work places. This include the traditional technique like the pen and paper technique like letter writing and written message conveying technique through the use of internet like emailing, texting, reports, electronic documents which are typed or anything else that can be conveyed through writing symbols in any day to day business communications (Testa et al., 2015). These are indispensable ways for any business communications and are used for the issue of any legal instructions. Most important examples of using written communication methods are press releases, contracts, business proposals, handbooks, brochures and others. Few criteria should be followed while writing like vocabulary, writing clarity, grammar and the style of writing (Matos Marques Simoes Esposito, 2014). This type of communication style is particularly suitable for situations where detailed instructions are to be placed or where the concerned person is not physically present in the moment (Lodhia, 2015). Ways of this communication method include Email: This is the most common tool for non verbal communication. This is usually the most used one and is inexpensive. Other methods of communication are Oral Communication; Face to face communication which can be conducted in Meetings, Non verbal method of communication which includes physical non verbal communication, paralanguage and visual communication Example of Communication Method: The given communication method is applied on a group of people as being selected in the office premise (Killian McManus, 2015). They are people from HR department and they consist of a group of 15 people. Setting of goals The goal of the application of verbal communication process is to make employees work more efficiently and further motivate them. Targeted audience The targeted audience here is a group of 15 people from HR department. They are HR executives. Messages Direct messages that needs to be conveyed are motivational messages, conveying the aims of the company and the required work process and work efficiency. Method Method for communication that has to be used here is verbal communication. The sessions will be held in the forms of meetings and group discussions. Frequency People frequency here is 15 in number. The sessions are carried out twice in every week. Cost The total cost required for this session is $1250. Frequency: Frequency of people considered here are 15 in number. The said communication method will be conducted in a frequency of twice a week (Huotari et al., 2015). People frequency has to be increased in the next week and total number of people involved will be 25 which can include people from departments other than HR department. This session count will be increased in the next week by 4 times a week. Cost: The required cost for this communication strategy can be summarized as:- ANTICIPATED SALES TOTAL $(000) 750 PERSONNEL (% OF TOTAL SALES) 15% Human Resources - Headcount 8 Human Resources - Cost 64.00 Quality Control 50.00 Training 25 Telemarketing Total $(000) 25.00 Human Resources - Headcount 0.75 Hosting 10 Support Maintenance 25 Internet Marketing Total $(000) 535.75 Direct Mail (% of Direct Sales) Human Resources - Cost Material 1000 Postage 250 Direct Mail Total $(000) 1,250.00 Fig 1: Cost for the communication strategy. Source: (Created by author) The total cost can be divided in three sections as shown in the table. The total cost is hence $1250. Conclusion: It can be concluded from the report that the communication strategy can be called as the most effective tool regarding taking all the employees together and make them work together. The exact problems can be addressed with care and can be handled here one by one. Message needs to be constructed with proper care since that is the framing structure of this strategy. They also needed to be spread carefully. The people concerned here have to remain careful regarding their behaviors and dealing with employees. If can be adopted with care, then this process will really be able to solve the problems of Ateed in no time. References Boies, K., Fiset, J., Gill, H. (2015). Communication and trust are key: Unlocking the relationship between leadership and team performance and creativity.The Leadership Quarterly,26(6), 1080-1094. Grgoire, Y., Salle, A., Tripp, T. M. (2015). Managing social media crises with your customers: The good, the bad, and the ugly.Business Horizons,58(2), 173-182. Gruber, M., De Leon, N., George, G., Thompson, P. (2015). Managing by design.Academy of Management Journal,58(1), 1-7. Huotari, L., Ulkuniemi, P., Saraniemi, S., Mlsk, M. (2015). Analysis of content creation in social media by B2B companies.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing,30(6), 761-770. Killian, G., McManus, K. (2015). A marketing communications approach for the digital era: Managerial guidelines for social media integration.Business Horizons,58(5), 539-549. Lodhia, S. (2015). Exploring the transition to integrated reporting through a practice lens: an Australian customer owned bank perspective.Journal of Business Ethics,129(3), 585-598. Matos Marques Simoes, P., Esposito, M. (2014). Improving change management: How communication nature influences resistance to change.Journal of Management Development,33(4), 324-341. Mishra, K., Boynton, L., Mishra, A. (2014). Driving employee engagement: The expanded role of internal communications.International Journal of Business Communication,51(2), 183-202. Moritz, A., Block, J., Lutz, E. (2015). Investor communication in equity-based crowdfunding: a qualitative-empirical study.Qualitative Research in Financial Markets,7(3), 309-342. Roth, S. (2014). The things that go without saying: on performative differences between business value communication and communication on business values.International Journal of Business Performance Management,15(3), 175-191. Royle, J., Laing, A. (2014). The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.International Journal of Information Management,34(2), 65-73. Schnackenberg, A. K., Tomlinson, E. C. (2016). Organizational transparency: A new perspective on managing trust in organization-stakeholder relationships.Journal of Management,42(7), 1784-1810. Snell, S. A., Morris, S., Bohlander, G. W. (2015).Managing human resources. Nelson Education. Testa, F., Iraldo, F., Vaccari, A., Ferrari, E. (2015). Why Eco?labels can be Effective Marketing Tools: Evidence from a Study on Italian Consumers.Business Strategy and the Environment,24(4), 252-265. Voinea, D. V., Busu, O. V., Opran, E. R., Vladutescu, S. (2015). Embarrassments in managerial communication.Polish Journal of Management Studies,11. Wirtz, B. W., Pistoia, A., Ullrich, S., Gttel, V. (2016). Business models: Origin, development and future research perspectives.Long Range Planning,49(1), 36-54.